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Total 445 results found since Jan 2013.

Resveratrol improves high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance in mice by downregulating the lncRNA NONMMUT008655.2.
The objective of this study was to investigate whether RSV improves high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance in mice by regulating thelncRNANONMMUT008655.2 in vivo and in vitro. To this end, animal and cell insulin resistance models were developed. Specifically, C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and administered RSV for eight weeks. Additionally, mouse Hepa cells were treated with palmitic acid, transfected with siRNA NONMMUT008655.2, and treated with RSV. Treated mice and cells were then compared to normal controls that were not exposed to RSV. In the animal model, RSV was found to decrease the levels of fastin...
Source: American Journal of Translational Research - February 15, 2020 Category: Research Tags: Am J Transl Res Source Type: research

Gut Bacterial Metabolite Urolithin A Decreases Actin Polymerization and Migration in Cancer Cells
ConclusionUA leads to disruption of Rac1 and Pak1 activity with subsequent actin depolymerization and migration. Thus, use of dietary UA in cancer prevention or as adjuvant therapy is promising.
Source: Molecular Nutrition and Food Research - February 17, 2020 Category: Food Science Authors: Md Alauddin, Toshiyuki Okumura, Janet Rajaxavier, Shayan Khozooei, Simone P öschel, Satoru Takeda, Yogesh Singh, Sara Y Brucker, Diethelm Wallwiener, André Koch, Madhuri S Salker Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Stat3 activation induces insulin resistance via a muscle-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase Fbxo40.
Abstract Cellular mechanisms causing insulin resistance (IR) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) are poorly understood. One potential mechanism is that CKD-induced inflammation activates the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) in muscle. We uncovered increased p-Stat3 in muscles of mice with CKD or mice fed high fat diet (HFD). Activated Stat3 stimulates the expression of Fbxo40, a muscle-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase that stimulates ubiquitin conjugation leading to degradation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1). Evidence that STAT3 activates Fbxo40 includes: 1) potential Stat3 binding sites ...
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - February 25, 2020 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Zhang L, Chen Z, Wang Y, Tweardy DJ, Mitch WE Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: research

Purple sweet potato color protects against hepatocyte apoptosis through Sirt1 activation in high-fat-diet-treated mice.
Conclusion: PSPC protected against HFD-induced hepatic apoptosis by promoting Sirt1- dependent inhibition of p53-apoptotic pathway and facilitation of Akt survival pathway. This study indicates that PSPC is a candidate for nutritional intervention of NAFLD. PMID: 32110174 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Food and Nutrition Research - February 29, 2020 Category: Nutrition Authors: Su W, Zhang C, Chen F, Sui J, Lu J, Wang Q, Shan Q, Zheng G, Lu J, Sun C, Fan S, Wu D, Zhang Z, Zheng Y Tags: Food Nutr Res Source Type: research

PTH/PTHrP Receptor Signaling Restricts Arterial Fibrosis in Diabetic LDLR-/- Mice by Inhibiting Myocardin-Related Transcription Factor Relays.
Conclusions: PTH1R signaling restricts collagen production in the VSM lineage in part via Mkl1 regulatory circuits that control collagen gene transcription. Strategies that maintain homeostatic VSM PTH1R signaling, as reflected in EV biomarkers of VSM PTH1R/Mkl1 action, may help mitigate arteriosclerosis and vascular fibrosis. PMID: 32160132 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Circulation Research - March 10, 2020 Category: Cardiology Authors: Behrmann A, Zhong D, Li L, Cheng SL, Mead M, Ramachandran B, Sabaeifard P, Goodarzi M, Lemoff A, Kronenberg HM, Towler DA Tags: Circ Res Source Type: research

Modulation of SIRT1-mediated signaling cascades in the liver contributes to the amelioration of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in high fat fed middle-aged LDL receptor knockout mice by dihydromyricetin.
Abstract Dihydromyricetin (DMY) is the most abundant flavonoid in Ampelopsis grossedentata possessing many pharmacological activities. But less is known about its protective effect against nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in the context of metabolic syndrome. The present study is aimed to evaluate the pharmacological effects of DMY on NASH induced by feeding a high fat diet to 12-mo-old male LDLr-/- mice for 12 weeks and its molecular mode of action. At the end of the experiment, the blood samples and liver tissues of mice were collected for analysis. The results showed that DMY treatment improved the steatosis...
Source: Biochemical Pharmacology - March 22, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Zeng Y, Hua YQ, Wang W, Zhang H, Xu XL Tags: Biochem Pharmacol Source Type: research

Myeloid-specific Asxl2 deletion limits diet-induced obesity by regulating energy expenditure
We previously established that global deletion of the enhancer of trithorax and polycomb (ETP) gene, Asxl2, prevents weight gain. Because proinflammatory macrophages recruited to adipose tissue are central to the metabolic complications of obesity, we explored the role of ASXL2 in myeloid lineage cells. Unexpectedly, mice without Asxl2 only in myeloid cells (Asxl2ΔLysM) were completely resistant to diet-induced weight gain and metabolically normal despite increased food intake, comparable activity, and equivalent fecal fat. Asxl2ΔLysM mice resisted HFD-induced adipose tissue macrophage infiltration and inflammatory cytok...
Source: Journal of Clinical Investigation - April 21, 2020 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Wei Zou, Nidhi Rohatgi, Jonathan R. Brestoff, John R. Moley, Yongjia Li, Jesse W. Williams, Yael Alippe, Hua Pan, Terri A. Pietka, Gabriel Mbalaviele, Elizabeth P. Newberry, Nicholas O. Davidson, Anwesha Dey, Kooresh I. Shoghi, Richard D. Head, Samuel A. Source Type: research

Mechanisms of impaired pancreatic β‑cell function in high‑fat diet‑induced obese mice: The role of endoplasmic reticulum stress.
Authors: Yi X, Cai X, Wang S, Xiao Y Abstract The aim of the study was to examine whether there was excessive endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERs) in the islets of high‑fat diet (HFD)‑induced obese mice, as well as the effects of ERs on β‑cell function. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a HFD for 16 weeks. Pancreatic β‑cell function was evaluated using intraperitoneal glucose tolerance and insulin release tests, and via electron microscopy. The expression of activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) and phosphorylated (p)‑eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) were detected via immunofluorescence staining to...
Source: Molecular Medicine Reports - April 25, 2020 Category: Molecular Biology Tags: Mol Med Rep Source Type: research

Icariin Improves Age-Related Testicular Dysfunction by Alleviating Sertoli Cell Injury via Upregulation of the ER α/Nrf2-Signaling Pathway
Sertoli cells play crucial roles in spermatogenesis and are impaired by aging. Icariin, a flavonoid from Epimedium, has been reported to exhibit anti-aging effects and improve testicular dysfunction in the clinical setting. However, whether icariin improves age-related degeneration of testicular function via protection from Sertoli cell injury remains unclear. In the present study, we evaluated the protective effect of icariin on Sertoli cell injury and explored the possible mechanism(s) in vivo and in vitro. Dietary administration of icariin for 4 months significantly ameliorated the age-related decline in testicular func...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - May 11, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Gut-Derived Serotonin Contributes to the Progression of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis via the Liver HTR2A/PPAR γ2 Pathway
The precipitous increase in occurrence of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a serious threat to public health worldwide. The pathogenesis of NASH has not yet been thoroughly studied. We aimed to elucidate the interplay between serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and NASH. The serum 5-HT levels in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and a rat fed with high fat-sucrose diet (HFSD) were evaluated using liquid chromatography-hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF MS)/MS. The peripheral Tph1 inhibitor, LP533401, and a tryptophan (TRP)-free diet were administered to rats with NASH...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - May 13, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Knockout of the Circadian Clock Protein PER1 Results in Sex-Dependent Alterations of ET-1 Production in Mice in Response to a High Salt Diet plus Mineralocorticoid Treatment.
Abstract Previously, we showed that global knockout (KO) of the circadian clock transcription factor PER1 in male, but not female, mice fed a high salt diet plus mineralocorticoid treatment (HS/DOCP) resulted in non-dipping hypertension and decreased night/day ratio of sodium (Na) excretion. Additionally, we have shown that the endothelin-1 (ET-1) gene is targeted by both PER1 and aldosterone. We hypothesized that ET-1 would exhibit a sex-specific response to HS/DOCP treatment in PER1 KO. Here we show that male, but not female, global PER1 KO mice exhibit a decreased night/day ratio of urinary ET-1. Gene expressio...
Source: Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology - May 20, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Douma LG, Crislip GR, Cheng KY, Barral D, Masten S, Holzworth MR, Roig E, Glasford K, Beguiristain K, Li W, Bratanatawira P, Lynch IJ, Cain BD, Wingo CS, Gumz ML Tags: Can J Physiol Pharmacol Source Type: research

14-3-3 gamma, a novel regulator of the large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels.
Abstract 14-3-3 gamma (γ) is a small protein regulating the target proteins through binding to the phosphorylated serine/threonine residues. Sequence analysis of large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BK) channel revealed a putative 14-3-3 binding site in the C-terminal region. Our previous data showed that 14-3-3γ is widely expressed in the mouse kidney. We, therefore, hypothesized that 14-3-3γ has a novel role in the regulation of BK channel activity and protein expression. We first demonstrated the interaction of 14-3-3γ with BKα by co-immunoprecipitation. In HEK293 cells stably expressing BKα (HEK BKα cel...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology - May 27, 2020 Category: Physiology Authors: Chen S, Feng X, Chen X, Zhuang Z, Xiao J, Fu H, Klein JD, Wang XH, Hoover RS, Eaton DC, Cai H Tags: Am J Physiol Renal Physiol Source Type: research

Folic acid attenuates high-fat diet-induced steatohepatitis via deacetylase SIRT1-dependent restoration of PPAR α.
CONCLUSION: Folic acid improves hepatic lipid metabolism by upregulating PPARα levels via a SIRT1-dependent mechanism and restores hepatic one-carbon metabolism and diversity of gut microbiota, thereby attenuating HFD-induced NASH in rats. PMID: 32476787 [PubMed - in process]
Source: World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG - May 13, 2020 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Xin FZ, Zhao ZH, Zhang RN, Pan Q, Gong ZZ, Sun C, Fan JG Tags: World J Gastroenterol Source Type: research

Vitamin D reduces autophagy by regulating NF- κB resistance to Aspergillus fumigatus infection.
CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D deficiency can aggravate the inflammatory damage in the lungs of Aspergillus fumigatus. When the body is sufficient in vitamin D, if the lungs infect Aspergillus fumigatus spores, the body may resist the infection of Aspergillus fumigatus by reducing the expression of NF-κB, inflammatory factors and autophagy. PMID: 32485309 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Gene - May 29, 2020 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Hu S, Dai J, Chen X Tags: Gene Source Type: research

Naringenin Upregulates AMPK-Mediated Autophagy to Rescue Neuronal Cells From β-Amyloid (1–42) Evoked Neurotoxicity
AbstractDeposition of an amyloid- β peptide is one of the first events in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and is clinically characterized by Aβ plaques, tau tangles, and behavioral impairments that lead to neuronal death. A substantial number of studies encourage targeting the skewness in the production and degra dation of amyloid-β could be among the promising therapies in the disease. Neuronal autophagy has emerged for an essential role in the degradation of such toxic aggregate-prone proteins in various neurodegenerative diseases. We profiled a small library of common dietary compounds and identifie...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - June 15, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research