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Science ’s 2022 Breakthrough of the Year: A telescope’s golden eye sees the universe anew
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Source: ScienceNOW - December 15, 2022 Category: Science Source Type: news

Munich atopy prediction study (MAPS): protocol for a prospective birth cohort addressing clinical and molecular risk factors for atopic dermatitis in early childhood
This study aims to comprehensively evaluate individual microbiome and immune responses in the context of environmental determinants related the risk of developing AD in the first 4 years of a child’s life. Methods and analyses The ‘Munich Atopic Prediction Study’ is a comprehensive clinical and biological investigation of a prospective birth cohort from Munich, Germany. Information on pregnancy, child development, environmental factors, parental exposures to potential allergens and acute or chronic diseases of children and parents are collected by questionnaires together with a meticulous clinical examin...
Source: BMJ Open - September 8, 2022 Category: General Medicine Authors: Preis, S., Schmidt, L., Tizek, L., Schielein, M., Lang, V., Bleuel, R., Duswald, A., Sitaru, S., Blasini, A., Gasteiger, C., Merdha, L., Kurgyis, Z., Kuschel, B., Hauenstein, E., Sander, M., Niedermeier, S., Argiriu, D., Engel, S., Skabytska, Y., Silva, R Tags: Open access, Dermatology Source Type: research

Exploring Dietary Patterns And The Distribution Of Atopic Dermatitis In A Birth Cohort Of A Metropolitan Area In Germany
Early life exposures likely affect the development of atopic diseases. Diet has been considered to be a modifiable factor to intervene preventively. The aim of the study was to identify dietary patterns based on the use of supplements during pregnancy.
Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology - February 1, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Lennard Merdha, Lea Schmidt, Hanna Hufnagel, Hannah Wecker, Linda Tizek, Maximilian Schielein, Stefanie Ziehfreund, Tilo Biedermann, Alexander Zink Source Type: research

Longitudinal data-driven definition of clinical asthma phenotypes in the pediatric arm of the All Age Asthma Cohort (ALLIANCE) of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)
Conclusion: The analysis revealed a substantial heterogeneity of disease entities subsumed as asthma or wheeze cases in ALLIANCE children. The high resolution of this classification might be useful for assessing corresponding endotypes and for prediction of exacerbation and resolution of symptoms.
Source: European Respiratory Journal - October 28, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Hose, A., Bahmer, T., Rabe, K., Von Mutius, E., Hansen, G., Kopp, M., Ege, M. Tags: Paediatric asthma and allergy Source Type: research

A third of children up to age 3 exposed to Zika in-utero have neurological problems
New UCLA-led research suggests that 32% of children up to the age of 3 years who were exposed to the Zika virus during the mother ’s pregnancy had below-average neurological development.The study also found that fewer than 4% of 216 children evaluated had microcephaly —a smaller-than-normal head that is one of the hallmarks of the mosquito-borne disease. The heads of two of those children grew to normal size over time, the researchers reported.The studywas published in the journal Nature Medicine.The findings, conducted by UCLA researchers with colleagues in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, where the disease was first detected,...
Source: UCLA Newsroom: Health Sciences - July 8, 2019 Category: Universities & Medical Training Source Type: news

Innate Lymphoid Cells: Expression of PD-1 and Other Checkpoints in Normal and Pathological Conditions
Conclusions and Future Perspectives It is now evident that NK/ILC family plays a pivotal role in the immune defenses. Recent studies in murine and human settings demonstrated that the expression of several inhibitory checkpoints, that may be detrimental in the tumor context, is not restricted to T lymphocytes, revealing an important, yet poorly appreciated, contribution of their expression on innate immune cells. Thus, in the recent years different immunotherapy approaches, based on the blockade of inhibitory NK cell receptors, have been developed in order to unleash NK cell cytotoxicity. This is particularly important in...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 25, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

The Human Upper Respiratory Tract Epithelium Is Susceptible to Flaviviruses
In this study, we exposed apically well-differentiated human NECs cultured at the ALI to the related flaviviruses ZIKV, JEV, WNV, and Usutu virus (USUV). We selected these viruses due to the recent increasing evidences of potential threat to humans (Cadar et al., 2017; Simonin et al., 2018). We show that NECs are particularly susceptible to JEV and WNV infection and to other flaviviruses included in this study. Infection with each virus led to shedding of infectious virus particles through the apical and basolateral surfaces and triggered host mechanisms at the level of inflammatory and antiviral mediators....
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - April 15, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Cellular Immune Function in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS)
This study was carried out in accordance with the recommendations of The London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) Research Ethics Committee (Ref. 6123) and the National Research Ethics Service (NRES) London-Bloomsbury Research Ethics Committee (REC ref. 11/10/1760, IRAS ID: 77765), with written informed consent from all subjects. All subjects gave written informed consent in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The protocol was approved by the LSHTM Research Ethics Committee and the NRES London-Bloomsbury Research Ethics Committee. Author Contributions JC, HD, LN, EL, and ER devised the study ...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 15, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

ALCAM Mediates DC Migration Through Afferent Lymphatics and Promotes Allospecific Immune Reactions
In conclusion, our findings identify ALCAM as a novel therapeutic target for preventing corneal allograft rejection in high-risk patient populations. Moreover, given the documented contribution of ALCAM to (lymph)angiogenesis, DC migration, and T cell activation, ALCAM blockade might represent a therapeutic strategy for treating other immune-mediated inflammatory conditions, such as solid organ transplant rejection, allergy or autoimmune diseases. Experimental Procedures Cloning, Expression, and Purification of I/F8-Fc and KSF-Fc For cloning of I/F8-Fc and KSF-Fc the respective scFv sequence was amplified from previousl...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 11, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Maternal Exposure of BALB/c Mice to Indoor NO2 and Allergic Asthma Syndrome in Offspring at Adulthood with Evaluation of DNA Methylation Associated Th2 Polarization
Conclusions: Maternal exposure to indoor environmental NO2 causes allergic asthma-related consequences in offspring absent any subsequent lung provocation and potentiates the symptoms of allergic asthma in adult offspring following postnatal allergic sensitization and challenge; this response is associated with the Th2-based immune response and DNA methylation of the IL4 gene. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP685 Received: 19 June 2016 Revised: 07 June 2017 Accepted: 19 June 2017 Published: 13 September 2017 Address correspondence to N. Sang, College of Environment and Resource, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, P...
Source: EHP Research - September 13, 2017 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Daniil Lyalko Tags: Research Source Type: research

Elemental Sulfur Use and Associations with Pediatric Lung Function and Respiratory Symptoms in an Agricultural Community (California, USA)
Conclusions: This study suggests that elemental sulfur use, allowed in both organic and conventional farming, in close proximity to residential areas, may adversely affect children’s respiratory health. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP528 Received: 19 May 2016 Revised: 05 May 2017 Accepted: 09 May 2017 Published: 14 August 2017 Address correspondence to R. Raanan, Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), University of California, Berkeley, School of Public Health, 1995 University Ave., Suite 265, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Telephone: (510) 642-9431. Email: rachelraananrr@gmail.com Supplemental Ma...
Source: EHP Research - August 14, 2017 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Daniil Lyalko Tags: Research Source Type: research

Associations between Greenness, Impervious Surface Area, and Nighttime Lights on Biomarkers of Vascular Aging in Chennai, India
Conclusion: Greenness, ISA, and NTL were associated with increased SBP, DBP, and cPP, and with reduced FMD, suggesting a possible additional EVA pathway for the relationship between urbanization and increased CVD prevalence in urban India. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP541 Received: 20 May 2016 Revised: 03 January 2017 Accepted: 23 January 2017 Published: 02 August 2017 Address correspondence to K.J. Lane, Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, 195 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Telephone: (781) 696-4537; Email: kevin.lane@yale.edu Supplemental Material is available online (https://doi.org/10.1289...
Source: EHP Research - August 2, 2017 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Daniil Lyalko Tags: Research Source Type: research

US Lags Far Behind in Banning Dental Health Hazard
Example of mercury use in the healthcare sector. From left to right: Mercury Sphygmomanometer, Dental Amalgam and a Fever Thermometer. Credit: UNDPBy Thalif DeenUNITED NATIONS, Jul 31 2017 (IPS)The United States is lagging far behind its Western allies – and perhaps most of the key developing countries – in refusing to act decisively to end a longstanding health and environmental hazard: the use of mercury in dentistry. The 28-member European Union (EU), with an estimated population of over 510 million people, recently announced its decision to ban amalgam use in children under age 15, pregnant women, and breastfeeding...
Source: IPS Inter Press Service - Health - July 31, 2017 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Authors: Thalif Deen Tags: Environment Featured Global Global Governance Headlines Health Inequity IPS UN: Inside the Glasshouse Population Regional Categories Sustainability TerraViva United Nations Source Type: news

Effects of Coal Fly Ash Particulate Matter on the Antimicrobial Activity of Airway Surface Liquid
Conclusion: We propose that when CFA arrives at the airway, it rapidly adsorbs AMPs and creates negative complexes, thereby decreasing the functional amount of AMPs capable of killing pathogens. These results provide a novel translational insight into an early mechanism for how ambient PM increases the susceptibility of the airways to bacterial infection. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP876 Received: 27 July 2016 Revised: 30 December 2016 Accepted: 19 January 2017 Published: 05 July 2017 Address correspondence to A. P. Comellas, 6312 Pappajohn Biomedical Discovery Building. Newton Road, Iowa City, Iowa, USA, 52242; Teleph...
Source: EHP Research - July 6, 2017 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Daniil Lyalko Tags: Research Source Type: research

Maternal Urinary Triclosan Concentration in Relation to Maternal and Neonatal Thyroid Hormone Levels: A Prospective Study
Conclusions: Our results suggest significant inverse associations between maternal urinary TCS and cord blood FT3 as well as maternal blood FT4 concentrations at third trimester. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP500 Received: 11 May 2016 Revised: 05 October 2016 Accepted: 07 November 2016 Published: 27 June 2017 Address correspondence to F. Ouyang, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kong Jiang Rd., Shanghai 200092 China. Telephone: 86-21-2507-8867. Email: ouyangfx@yahoo.com The authors declare they have no actual or poten...
Source: EHP Research - June 27, 2017 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Daniil Lyalko Tags: Research Source Type: research