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More Research Is Needed on Lifestyle Behaviors That Influence Progression of Parkinson's Disease
This article highlights some of these challenges in the design of lifestyle studies in PD, and suggests a more coordinated international effort is required, including ongoing longitudinal observational studies. In combination with pharmaceutical treatments, healthy lifestyle behaviors may slow the progression of PD, empower patients, and reduce disease burden. For optimal care of people with PD, it is important to close this gap in current knowledge and discover whether such associations exist. Introduction Parkinson's disease (PD) is an age-related complex progressive neurodegenerative disorder, with key p...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 29, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

The Outcome of Status Epilepticus and Long-Term Follow-Up
Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of regular care and patient follow-up. Introduction Status epilepticus (SE) is a condition and most extreme form of epilepsy (1), which leads to abnormal and prolonged seizure (at least 5 min). In case SE persists over 30 min, it may have severe long-term consequences (2). Referring to the new classification scheme of SE, there are two operational dimensions of the definition: time point 1 (T1) is associated with abnormally prolonged seizure, when therapy should be initiated, while time point 2 (T2) is related to the time of on-going seizure activity involving a risk...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 25, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Stroke Dysbiosis Index (SDI) in Gut Microbiome Are Associated With Brain Injury and Prognosis of Stroke
Conclusions: We developed an index to measure gut microbiota dysbiosis in stroke patients; this index was significantly correlated with patients' outcome and was causally related to outcome in a mouse model of stroke. Our model facilitates the potential clinical application of gut microbiota data in stroke and adds quantitative evidence linking the gut microbiota to stroke. Introduction Ischemic stroke imposes a heavy burden on society, with 24.9 million cases worldwide (1). Although intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular treatment greatly improve some patients' prognosis, the prognosis for most pa...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 23, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Modifiable Lifestyle Factors and Cognitive Function in Older People: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study
Conclusions: Lifestyle factors, such as physical activity, sleep, and social activity appear to be associated with cognitive function among older people. Physical activity and appropriate durations of sleep and conversation are important for cognitive function. Introduction Dementia is a major public health issue worldwide, with a serious burden for patients, caregivers, and society, as well as substantial economic impacts (1). Although the prevalence of late-life cognitive impairment and dementia are expected to increase in future, effective disease-modifying treatments are currently unavailable. Therefore, unders...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 23, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Combination of Dexmedetomidine and Ketamine for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sedation
Conclusions: The efficacy of DEX–KET sedation was comparable to that of midazolam for MRI examination. DEX–KET was related to shorter scan time and lower occurrence of complications compared to midazolam. Introduction Neurocritically ill patients often require brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in addition to conventional neurological evaluations. Brain MRI can reveal structural lesions with a high sensitivity due to its excellent spatial resolution and enhanced soft tissue contrast (1–3). To acquire MRI images, patients' cooperation is imperative. However, keeping patients with ...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 23, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Influence of Sex on Stroke Prognosis: A Demographic, Clinical, and Molecular Analysis
Conclusion Our data suggest that women who suffer from IS present with a poorer functional outcome than men at 3-months, regardless of other preclinical and clinical factors during the acute phase. These relationships seem to be mediated by atrial dysfunction and inflammation. The inflammatory response is slightly higher in women; however, there are no sex differences in their functional behavior. There is a probable relationship between the molecular marker of atrial dysfunction NT-proBNP and worse functional outcome in women, and the connection seems to be more important in cardioembolic stroke patients. In patients wi...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 16, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

The Paradoxical Protective Effect of Liver Steatosis on Severity and Functional Outcome of Ischemic Stroke
Conclusions: Our study shows that a higher burden of liver steatosis seems to be associated with less severe stroke and better functional outcome after ischemic stroke or TIA. Introduction Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a spectrum of diseases from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis with varying degree of fibrosis, and liver cirrhosis (1, 2). NAFLD is becoming the most common chronic liver disease worldwide including Korea, affecting approximately 25% of the general population (3, 4). NAFLD is closely associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus, and is even recognized as ...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 11, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Characterizing the Penumbras of White Matter Hyperintensities and Their Associations With Cognitive Function in Patients With Subcortical Vascular Mild Cognitive Impairment
Conclusion In this study, reduced CBF and FA and increased MD in the inner NAWM layers for both PVWMH and DWMH suggested extensive WM alterations beyond the visible WM lesions commonly observed on clinical MRI of svMCI subjects. CBF penumbras cover more extensive WM at risk than DTI penumbras, suggesting the likelihood that compromised CBF precedes white matter integrity changes, and CBF penumbras may be a potential target for the prevention of further microstructural white matter damage. The imaging parameters investigated, however, did not correlate to cognition. Author Contributions YZ, QX, and XG conceived and desig...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 11, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Pre-injury Comorbidities Are Associated With Functional Impairment and Post-concussive Symptoms at 3- and 6-Months After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A TRACK-TBI Study
Conclusions: Pre-injury psychiatric and pre-injury headache/migraine symptoms are risk factors for worse functional and post-concussive outcomes at 3- and 6-months post-mTBI. mTBI patients presenting to acute care should be evaluated for psychiatric and headache/migraine history, with lower thresholds for providing TBI education/resources, surveillance, and follow-up/referrals. Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT01565551. Introduction Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In 2013 ~2.8 million TBI cases were recorded an...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 8, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Haemorrhagic stroke related to the use of 4-fluoroamphetamine
We report on two patients who presented with headache and mild hypertension after 4-FA use. Patient A developed one-sided weakness and decreased consciousness after a few hours. A computed tomography scan showed a left-sided intracerebral haemorrhage. Because of life-threatening cerebral herniation, haematoma evacuation was performed. Postoperatively, she suffered from a right-sided hemiparalysis and severe aphasia, requiring clinical rehabilitation. Patient B had a subarachnoid haemorrhage without neurological deficits. In total, 939 4-FA-intoxicated patients were registered. These patients used 4-FA alone (44%) or in com...
Source: Journal of Neurology - May 8, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Intracranial Arterial Calcification in Black Africans with Acute Ischaemic Stroke
Conclusions: The burden of IAC is very high among native African patients with AIS and preferentially involves proximal inflow arteries. Therefore, the role of large vessel atherosclerosis in ischaemic stroke in native Africans should be explored in future multinational, multimodality studies.Cerebrovasc Dis Extra 2018;8:26 –38
Source: Cerebrovascular Diseases Extra - January 15, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Cessation of Smoking and Alcohol Addiction Following Thalamic Hemorrhage
We describe a case of thalamic intracerebral hemorrhage leading to cessation of smoking. Case Report: A 53-year-old female presented to the emergency department with right-sided weakness and dysarthria. Initial systolic blood pressure was 220 mm Hg. Computed tomography scan showed a left thalamic hemorrhage with associated edema and hemorrhage extending into the left lateral and third ventricle. She recovered uneventfully and was discharged to inpatient rehabilitation and eventually transitioned home. Three months later in the clinic, she reported that following the stroke, she abruptly stopped smoking without any smoking...
Source: The Neurologist - November 1, 2016 Category: Neurology Tags: Case Report/Case Series Source Type: research

Sex differences in the integrated stroke management in a rural healthcare area in Asturias.
CONCLUSIONS: There are demographic sex differences in the cerebrovascular risk profile, clinical presentation, hospital management and comorbidity of stroke in this rural population, which suggest that there are areas where there is room for improvement. PMID: 27439484 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Revista de Neurologia - July 23, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Lopez-Martinez T, Bernardo-Cofino J, Garcia-Prieto E, Feito-Alvarez M, de Dios-Del Valle R, Calleja-Puerta S Tags: Rev Neurol Source Type: research

Frequency and risk factors of spontaneous hemorrhagic transformation following ischemic stroke on the initial brain CT or MRI: data from the China National Stroke Registry (CNSR).
DISCUSSION: Spontaneous HT occurred in 0.92% of the patients with IS in the acute stage. Being female, excess alcohol consumption, atrial fibrillation, and a prolonged period between IS onset and initial imaging were associated with an increased risk of spontaneous HT. PMID: 27320249 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Neurological Research - June 21, 2016 Category: Neurology Tags: Neurol Res Source Type: research

Prevalence of Stroke and Its Risk Factors in Urban Sri Lanka: Population-Based Study Brief Reports
Conclusions— Age-adjusted stroke prevalence in urban Sri Lanka lies between high-income and low-/middle-income countries. The prevalence of stroke and its risk factors were higher among men.
Source: Stroke - September 28, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Chang, T., Gajasinghe, S., Arambepola, C. Tags: Cerebrovascular disease/stroke, Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage, Acute Cerebral Infarction Brief Reports Source Type: research

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