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Unlucky numbers: Fighting murder convictions that rest on shoddy stats
LEIDEN, THE NETHERLANDS— When a Dutch nurse named Lucia de Berk stood trial for serial murder in 2003, statistician Richard Gill was aware of the case. But he saw no reason to stick his nose into it. De Berk was a pediatric nurse at Juliana Children’s Hospital in The Hague. In 2001, after a baby died while she was on duty, a colleague told superiors that De Berk had been present at a suspiciously high number of deaths and resuscitations. Hospital staff immediately informed the police. When investigators reexamined records from De Berk’s shifts, they found 10 suspicious incidents. Three other hospitals where D...
Source: Science of Aging Knowledge Environment - January 19, 2023 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research

Molecular imaging of inflammation in the brain-heart axis after ischemic stroke: comparison of two murine stroke models.
Conclusions: In contrast to topical ET-1 application after craniotomy, the intravascular MCAo model enables imaging studies of brain-heart networking after stroke, which evokes elevated TSPO PET signal in both brain and heart. The severity of cerebral ischemic damage may contribute to cardiac dysfunction via systemic inflammatory networking.
Source: Journal of Nuclear Medicine - May 14, 2020 Category: Nuclear Medicine Authors: Hermanns, N., Bascunana, P., Langer, B. L. N., Wolf, B., Bankstahl, J., Ross, T., Bengel, F., Thackeray, J. Tags: Cardiovascular Council YIA Symposium Source Type: research

Flinders Sensitive Line rats are resistant to infarction following transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery.
CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that the rat strain does not influence infarct volumes following MCAo. PMID: 32194078 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Brain Research - March 15, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Bay V, Happ DF, Ardalan M, Quist A, Oggiano F, Chumak T, Hansen K, Ding M, Mallard C, Andrew Tasker R, Wegener G Tags: Brain Res Source Type: research

Antioxidative neuroprotective role of iron-gallic acid coordination nanoparticles and PET/MR usage in an ischemia stroke model
Conclusions: Fe-GA CPNs exhibit an impressive antioxidative neuroprotective role in ischemia stroke, which might have the potential to be translated into clinical applications for improved treatment of patients with stroke. PET/MRI is effective and accurate method for ischemic evaluation.
Source: Journal of Nuclear Medicine - May 20, 2019 Category: Nuclear Medicine Authors: KANG, L., Jiang, D., NI, D., Ehlerding, E., Wang, R., Cai, W. Tags: Basic Science I (Neurosciences) Source Type: research

Orally Administered Crocin Protects Against Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Through the Metabolic Transformation of Crocetin by Gut Microbiota
Conclusion Collectively, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic association studies provide evidence that the gut microbiota plays a vital role in the fate of crocin and crocetin in the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, the cross-interaction between gut microbiota and crocin might mediate the activation of the cerebral-protective effect of orally administered crocin. Ethics Statement This study was carried out in accordance with the recommendations of ‘Institutional Animal Research Committee guidelines, Animal Ethics Committee of China Pharmaceutical University.’ The protocol was approved by the ‘An...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 29, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Stroke Dysbiosis Index (SDI) in Gut Microbiome Are Associated With Brain Injury and Prognosis of Stroke
Conclusions: We developed an index to measure gut microbiota dysbiosis in stroke patients; this index was significantly correlated with patients' outcome and was causally related to outcome in a mouse model of stroke. Our model facilitates the potential clinical application of gut microbiota data in stroke and adds quantitative evidence linking the gut microbiota to stroke. Introduction Ischemic stroke imposes a heavy burden on society, with 24.9 million cases worldwide (1). Although intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular treatment greatly improve some patients' prognosis, the prognosis for most pa...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 23, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Ability to Suppress TGF- β-Activated Myofibroblast Differentiation Distinguishes the Anti-pulmonary Fibrosis Efficacy of Two Danshen-Containing Chinese Herbal Medicine Prescriptions
Conclusion: This study suggests that a clinically efficacious cardiovascular Chinese herbal medicine (DLP) can be successfully repurposed to treat a lung disease in pulmonary fibrosis guided by TCM theory. Our comparative study between DLP and DHP demonstrated a critical requirement of suppressing both pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic pathways for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis, supporting that a multi-component prescription capable of “removing both phlegm and blood stasis” will better achieve co-protection of heart and lung in PHD. Introduction Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic ...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 23, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Neurophysiological Analysis of Intermanual Transfer in Motor Learning
In this study, MEPs were induced during the subject’s imaged kinesthetic MI. This involves recalling muscle contraction based on a muscle sensory image and was reported to indicate the activity of brain regions similar to those involved in actual muscle contraction (Ruby and Decety, 2001). In the transfer training group, the muscle sensory image evaluation correlated to the actual task execution with the right hand. As a result, it was easy to recall the kinesthetic MI for the training task, thus affecting MI of the non-trained limbs so that MEP changes occurred in the left hand’s MI. In addition, brain exc...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - April 17, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Geniposide Alleviates Glucocorticoid-Induced Inhibition of Osteogenic Differentiation in MC3T3-E1 Cells by ERK Pathway
Conclusion In summary, we demonstrated that geniposide alleviated GC-induced osteogenic suppression in MC3T3-E1 cells. The effects of geniposide were at least partially associated with activating ERK signaling pathway via GLP-1 receptor. Geniposide might be a potential therapeutic agent for protection against GC-induced osteoporosis. Author Contributions BX, DX, CZ, and LW participated in research design. BX, JW, YL, XW, and ZZ conducted the experiments. BX, DX, and LW contributed new reagents or analytic tools and wrote or contributed to the writing of the manuscript. BX, JW, CZ, and DX performed the data analysis. Fu...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 17, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

1H NMR-Based Metabolomics Reveals Refined-Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Decoction (BBG) as a Potential Ischemic Stroke Treatment Drug With Efficacy and a Favorable Therapeutic Window
This study was carried out in accordance with the recommendations of Animal Ethics Committee of China Pharmaceutical University. The protocol was approved by Animal Ethics Committee of China Pharmaceutical University. Author Contributions JW, MY, and LK conceived the experiments and helped to coordinate support and funding. XF performed the research and drafted the manuscript. SL, YL, and DX participated in the experiments. JW analyzed the data and edited the paper. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Conflict of Interest Statement The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of an...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 11, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

The Discovery and Development of Liraglutide and Semaglutide
We describe one such approach, albumin binding, and explain how it was applied in the development of the human GLP-1 analog liraglutide once daily and, subsequently, semaglutide once weekly. The pharmacology of these two long-acting GLP-1 analogs, in terms of improving glycemic control, reducing body weight and decreasing cardiovascular (CV) risk, is also reviewed, together with some novel biology. In addition, we describe the importance of accurate target (GLP-1 receptor) tissue expression analysis. Now an established class of agents, GLP-1-based therapies represent a significant advance in the treatment of T2D. All curr...
Source: Frontiers in Endocrinology - April 11, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

YiQiFuMai Powder Injection Attenuates Coronary Artery Ligation-Induced Heart Failure Through Improving Mitochondrial Function via Regulating ROS Generation and CaMKII Signaling Pathways
This study was carried out in accordance with the recommendations of “Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, National Institutes of Health.” The protocol was approved by the “China Pharmaceutical University.” Surgical Preparation The mice were anesthetized with chloral hydrate (4% chloral hydrate, ip). The HF model was induced by CAL as previously reported (Gao et al., 2010). Successful ligation of the coronary artery was confirmed by the occurrence of ST-segment elevation in electrocardiogram. Sham operated mice were performed the same process except left CAL. After ligation, the h...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 9, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

A Novel Model for Studying Voltage-Gated Ion Channel Gene Expression during Reversible Ischemic Stroke.
In conclusion, to our knowledge, this is the first report of the successful evaluation of voltage-gated ion channel gene expression in TIA and RIND animal models. This model will aid future studies in investigating pathophysiological mechanisms, and in developing new therapeutic compounds for the treatment of TIA and RIND. PMID: 30662329 [PubMed - in process]
Source: International Journal of Medical Sciences - January 22, 2019 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: Int J Med Sci Source Type: research

An alternative surgical approach reduces variability following filament induction of experimental stroke in mice RESOURCE ARTICLE
ABSTRACT Animal models are essential for understanding the pathology of stroke and investigating potential treatments. However, in vivo stroke models are associated, particularly in mice, with high variability in lesion volume. We investigated whether a surgical refinement where reperfusion is not reliant on the Circle of Willis reduced outcome variability. Mice underwent 60 min of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion avoiding ligation of the external carotid artery. During reperfusion, the common carotid artery was either ligated (standard approach), or it was repaired to allow re-establishment of blood flow th...
Source: DMM Disease Models and Mechanisms - July 5, 2017 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Trotman-Lucas, M., Kelly, M. E., Janus, J., Fern, R., Gibson, C. L. Tags: RESOURCE ARTICLE Source Type: research