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Condition: Schizophrenia

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Total 422 results found since Jan 2013.

Does antipsychotic drug use increase the risk of long term mortality? A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.
Authors: Yang C, Hao Z, Tian J, Zhang W, Li W, Zhang LL, Song F Abstract Antipsychotics (AP) are widely used to treat schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders. However, the association between the AP use and mortality risk is controversial. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library and four Chinese databases from inception to June 2016. All observational cohort or case-control studies reporting data on mortality outcomes in individuals exposed to AP drugs were included. This systematic review included 68 studies involving 4,812,370 participants. Sixty-seven studies reported co...
Source: Oncotarget - April 1, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Oncotarget Source Type: research

O5.7. risk of diabetic complications and subsequent mortality among individuals with schizophrenia and diabetes mellitus: a nationwide population-based register study
DiscussionUnexpectedly, we found individuals with comorbid schizophrenia and diabetes mellitus to have a similar or lower rate of diabetic complications diagnosed in hospitals compared to individuals with diabetes mellitus only. However, we still found an excess mortality following a diagnosis of a diabetic complication among individuals with schizophrenia. These results may indicate that individuals are not even seen in hospitals with their diabetic complications and hence indicate an increased need for improved somatic care of individuals with schizophrenia if the burden of diabetes mellitus morbidity and mortality should be reduced.
Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin - April 1, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

Chloride transporters and GABA polarity in developmental, neurological and psychiatric conditions
Publication date: Available online 2 May 2018 Source:Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews Author(s): Joran T. Schulte, Corette J. Wierenga, Hilgo Bruining Neuronal chloride regulation is a determinant factor for the dynamic tuning of GABAergic inhibition during and beyond brain development. This regulation is mainly dependent on the two co-transporters K+/Cl- co-transporter KCC2 and Na+/K+/Cl- co-transporter NKCC1, whose activity can decrease or increase neuronal chloride concentrations respectively. Altered expression and/or activity of either of these co-transporters has been associated with a wide variety of br...
Source: Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews - May 2, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Cannabinoid signalling in embryonic and adult neurogenesis: possible implications for psychiatric and neurological disorders.
Authors: de Oliveira RW, Oliveira CL, Guimarães FS, Campos AC Abstract Cannabinoid signalling modulates several aspects of brain function, including the generation and survival of neurons during embryonic and adult periods. The present review intended to summarise evidence supporting a role for the endocannabinoid system on the control of neurogenesis and neurogenesis-dependent functions. Studies reporting participation of cannabinoids on the regulation of any step of neurogenesis and the effects of cannabinoid compounds on animal models possessing neurogenesis-dependent features were selected from Medline. Qualit...
Source: Acta Neuropsychiatrica - May 22, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Acta Neuropsychiatr Source Type: research

Synthesis of 11CNR2B-SMe for evaluation as a PET radioligand for NR2B subunits in NMDA receptors
Conclusions: [11C]NR2B-SMe was readily synthesized, and showed high brain uptake in rat, which could be pre-blocked by NR2B-SMe itself, elipodil, ifenprodil, and by a selective sigma-1 receptor ligand. Because sigma-1 receptors serve as multitasking ion channel protein chaperones [4] with involvement in modulation of NMDA activity [5], and are now known to interact directly with the N-terminal domains of NR1 and NR2B subunits [6], further study is required to characterize the nature of the specific binding of [11C]NR2B-SMe in rat brain and its utility in brain research. These studies are ongoing. Research Support: Intramur...
Source: Journal of Nuclear Medicine - May 23, 2018 Category: Nuclear Medicine Authors: Cai, L., Liow, J.-S., Morse, C., Davies, R., Frankland, M., Zoghbi, S., Innis, R., Pike, V. Tags: Probes for Neuroimaging I Source Type: research

Neuroimmunology and neuroinflammation in autoimmune, neurodegenerative and psychiatric disease.
Abstract An ever-increasing collection of neurological human diseases are becoming appreciated as encompassing a strong immunological component in pathogenesis or regulation. This derives to a large extent from genome-wide association studies that have highlighted association with immune system genes, including those in the HLA and KIR regions. Along with the genomic findings have come insights from immune phenotyping and assays for autoimmunity. This is a group of disease processes that includes Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's, stroke, narcolepsy, schizophrenia and psychosis. In most cases, these are diseases in...
Source: Immunology - June 1, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Altmann DM Tags: Immunology Source Type: research

Metallomics Applied to the  Study of Neurodegenerative and Mental Diseases.
Metallomics Applied to the Study of Neurodegenerative and Mental Diseases. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2018;1055:21-37 Authors: Sussulini A, Hauser-Davis RA Abstract Biochemical imbalances, provoked by aging or a secondary illness, might directly affect the brain, causing severe problems, such as loss of memory or alteration of behavior patterns. Brain disorders are usually classified as injuries (such as stroke, hematomas, and concussions), tumors, and neurodegenerative (such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases) and mental (such as depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia) diseases. As the pathophysiolo...
Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - June 11, 2018 Category: Research Tags: Adv Exp Med Biol Source Type: research

Cannabinoids for Treatment of MS Symptoms: State of the Evidence
AbstractPurpose of ReviewCannabis and cannabinoids have been used medically and recreationally for thousands of years and recently there has been a growing body of research in this area. With increased access now that medical marijuana is available in many jurisdictions, patients and providers want to know more about the evidence for benefits and risks of cannabinoid use. This paper provides an overview of the available cannabinoid-based formulations, a summary of the highest quality evidence for the use of cannabinoids for treating spasticity and pain associated with multiple sclerosis (MS), and a discussion of possible d...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - June 19, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA): An essential nutrient and a nutraceutical for brain health and diseases
Publication date: Available online 10 March 2017Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty AcidsAuthor(s): Grace Y. Sun, Agnes Simonyi, Kevin L. Fritsche, Dennis Y. Chuang, Mark Hannink, Zezong Gu, C. Michael Greenlief, Jeffrey K. Yao, James C. Lee, David Q. BeversdorfAbstractDocosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) enriched in phospholipids in the brain and retina, is known to play multi-functional roles in brain health and diseases. While arachidonic acid (AA) is released from membrane phospholipids by cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), DHA is linked to action of the Ca2+-independent...
Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (PLEFA) - July 5, 2018 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research

Yawning in neurology: a review
ABSTRACT Yawning is a stereotyped physiological behavior that can represent a sign or symptom of several conditions, such as stroke, parakinesia brachialis oscitans, parkinsonism, Parkinson ’ s disease and epilepsy. More rarely, it can occur in patients with intracranial hypertension, brain tumor, multiple sclerosis, migraine, Chiari malformation type I, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Drug-induced yawning is an uncommon clinical condition and yawning in patients with autism or schizophrenia is very rare. The aim of this review is to describe in detail the occurrence of the phenomenon in such conditions, and its ’ p...
Source: Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria - July 26, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Animal-assisted therapy in adults: A systematic review.
Abstract Animal-assisted therapies have become widespread with programs targeting a variety of pathologies and populations. Despite its popularity, it is unclear if this therapy is useful. The aim of this systematic review is to establish the efficacy of Animal assisted therapies in the management of dementia, depression and other conditions in adult population. A search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, LILACS, ScienceDirect, and Taylor and Francis, OpenGrey, GreyLiteratureReport, ProQuest, and DIALNET. No language or study type filters were applied. Conditions studied included depression, dementia, multi...
Source: Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice - July 31, 2018 Category: Complementary Medicine Authors: Charry-Sánchez JD, Pradilla I, Talero-Gutiérrez C Tags: Complement Ther Clin Pract Source Type: research

Nocebo Responses in Brain Diseases: A Systematic Review of the Current Literature
Publication date: Available online 2 August 2018Source: International Review of NeurobiologyAuthor(s): Panagiotis Zis, Dimos-Dimitrios MitsikostasAbstractPlacebo is an intervention with no therapeutic effect that is used as a control in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Placebo effects and responses can produce a beneficial effect that cannot be attributed to the properties of the intervention itself, since it is usually inactive, and should, therefore, be due to the patient's expectations about treatment (placebo effects), or confounding factors such as natural history, co-interventions, biases, among other co-factors ...
Source: International Review of Neurobiology - August 3, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Medical News Today: What to know about phantom smells (phantosmia)
Phantosmia is when someone thinks they notice a smell that is not there. Phantosmia is also called a phantom smell or an olfactory hallucination. Sinus problems, seizures, stroke, and schizophrenia can cause phantom smells. Learn about types, symptoms, and treatment of phantosmia and related conditions here.
Source: Health News from Medical News Today - August 7, 2018 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Neurology / Neuroscience Source Type: news

rTMS Effects in Patients with Co-Morbid Somatic Pain and Depressive Mood Disorders
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation treatment that involves the induction of electrical currents in a targeted region of the brain with the ability to impact various functional processes (Chervyakov  et al., 2015). rTMS has shown to provide clinical improvement among a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders and has been FDA-approved for treatment resistant depression (TRD). rTMS continues to undergo trials for other treatment indications including post-traumatic stress disorder (PT SD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), bipolar depression, schizophrenia, stro...
Source: Journal of Affective Disorders - August 18, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Angela L. Phillips, Robert L. Burr, David L. Dunner Tags: Research paper Source Type: research