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Generalizing post-stroke prognoses from research data to clinical data
Publication date: Available online 14 October 2019Source: NeuroImage: ClinicalAuthor(s): Robert Loughnan, Diego L. Lorca-Puls, Andrea Gajardo-Vidal, Valeria Espejo-Videla, Céline R. Gillebert, Dante Mantini, Cathy J. Price, Thomas M.H. HopeAbstractAround a third of stroke survivors suffer from acquired language disorders (aphasia), but current medicine cannot predict whether or when they might recover. Prognostic research in this area increasingly draws on datasets associating structural brain imaging data with outcome scores for ever-larger samples of stroke patients. The aim is to learn brain-behavior trends from these ...
Source: NeuroImage: Clinical - October 15, 2019 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying the mnemonic effect of songs after stroke
Publication date: Available online 5 August 2019Source: NeuroImage: ClinicalAuthor(s): Vera Leo, Aleksi J. Sihvonen, Tanja Linnavalli, Mari Tervaniemi, Matti Laine, Seppo Soinila, Teppo SärkämöAbstractSung melody provides a mnemonic cue that can enhance the acquisition of novel verbal material in healthy subjects. Recent evidence suggests that also stroke patients, especially those with mild aphasia, can learn and recall novel narrative stories better when they are presented in sung than spoken format. Extending this finding, the present study explored the cognitive mechanisms underlying this effect by determining wheth...
Source: NeuroImage: Clinical - August 6, 2019 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Artificial Grammar Learning with Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS): A Pilot Study
The relationship between attention and learning has been well-established [1], with many studies showing that increased attention can improve learning and decreased attention can be detrimental to learning. Although stroke-induced aphasia is defined as a primary language impairment, many persons with aphasia also have attention deficits [2]. Sustained attention, the ability to maintain attention to a stimulus for an extended period of time, is an important prerequisite for participating in speech and language therapy and has been shown to be impaired in persons with aphasia [2].
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - July 1, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Ellyn A. Riley, Ying Wu Source Type: research

Self-regulation of language areas using real-time functional MRI in stroke patients with expressive aphasia
The objectives of this study were to test (i) If stroke patients with expressive Aphasia could learn to up-regulate the Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent (BOLD) signal in language areas of the brain, namely Inferior Frontal Gyrus (Broca ’s area) and Superior Temporal Gyrus (Wernicke’s area), with real-time fMRI based neurofeedback of the BOLD activation and functional connectivity between the language areas; and (ii) acquired up-regulation could lead to an improvement in expression of language. The study was performed on three groups: Group 1 (n = 4) of Test patients and group 2 (n = 4) of healthy volunteers un...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - May 13, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Robot-Assisted Therapy in Upper Extremity Hemiparesis: Overview of an Evidence-Based Approach
Conclusion Robotic therapy has matured and represents an embodiment of a paradigm shift in neurorehabilitation following a stroke: instead of focusing on compensation, it affords focus in ameliorating the impaired limb in line with concepts of neuroplasticity. This technology-based treatment provides intensity, interactivity, flexibility, and adaptiveness to patient's performance and needs. Furthermore, it increases the productivity of rehabilitation care. Of course, efficiency must be discussed within a local perspective. For example, following the cost containment shown in the VA ROBOTICS study (46), the UK Nati...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 23, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Neuroimaging and Neurolaw: Drawing the Future of Aging
Vincenzo Tigano1, Giuseppe Lucio Cascini2, Cristina Sanchez-Castañeda3, Patrice Péran4 and Umberto Sabatini5* 1Department of Juridical, Historical, Economic and Social Sciences, University of Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy 2Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy 3Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain 4ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France 5Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, ...
Source: Frontiers in Endocrinology - April 7, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Identification of Affective State Change in Adults With Aphasia Using Speech Acoustics
Conclusions The results suggest the existence of objectively measurable aspects of speech that may be used to identify changes in acute affect from adults with aphasia. This work is exploratory and hypothesis-generating; more work will be needed to make conclusive claims. Further work in this area could lead to automated tools to assist clinicians with their diagnoses of stress, depression, and other forms of affect in adults with aphasia.
Source: Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research - December 10, 2018 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Source Type: research

Identification of Affective State Change in Adults With Aphasia Using Speech Acoustics.
Conclusions: The results suggest the existence of objectively measurable aspects of speech that may be used to identify changes in acute affect from adults with aphasia. This work is exploratory and hypothesis-generating; more work will be needed to make conclusive claims. Further work in this area could lead to automated tools to assist clinicians with their diagnoses of stress, depression, and other forms of affect in adults with aphasia. PMID: 30481797 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR - November 27, 2018 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Authors: Gillespie S, Laures-Gore J, Moore E, Farina M, Russell S, Haaland B Tags: J Speech Lang Hear Res Source Type: research

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) facilitates verb learning by altering effective connectivity in the healthy brain
Publication date: Available online 17 July 2018Source: NeuroImageAuthor(s): Valentina Fiori, Lisa Kunz, Philipp Kuhnke, Paola Marangolo, Gesa HartwigsenAbstractRecent studies have shown that the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) plays a key role in language learning. Facilitatory stimulation over this region by means of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can modulate linguistic abilities in healthy individuals and improve language performance in patients with post-stroke aphasia. Neuroimaging studies in healthy participants have suggested that anodal tDCS decreases task-related activity at the stimulated...
Source: NeuroImage - July 18, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Randomized trial of iReadMore word reading training and brain stimulation in central alexia
AbstractCentral alexia is an acquired reading disorder co-occurring with a generalized language deficit (aphasia). We tested the impact of a novel training app, ‘iReadMore’, and anodal transcranial direct current stimulation of the left inferior frontal gyrus, on word reading ability in central alexia. The trial was registered atwww.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02062619). Twenty-one chronic stroke patients with central alexia participated. A baseline-controlled, repeated-measures, crossover design was used. Participants completed two 4-week blocks of iReadMore training, one with anodal stimulation and one with sham stimulati...
Source: Brain - June 15, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Primary Progressive Aphasia and Stroke Aphasia
This article summarizes the clinical and anatomic features of the three named variants of primary progressive aphasia (PPA): semantic variant PPA, nonfluent/agrammatic variant PPA, and logopenic variant PPA. Three stroke aphasia syndromes that resemble the PPA variants (Broca aphasia, Wernicke aphasia, and conduction aphasia) are also presented. RECENT FINDINGS Semantic variant PPA and Wernicke aphasia are characterized by fluent speech with naming and comprehension difficulty; these syndromes are associated with disease in different portions of the left temporal lobe. Patients with nonfluent/agrammatic variant PPA or B...
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - June 1, 2018 Category: Neurology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Sung melody enhances verbal learning and recall after stroke
Abstract Coupling novel verbal material with a musical melody can potentially aid in its learning and recall in healthy subjects, but this has never been systematically studied in stroke patients with cognitive deficits. In a counterbalanced design, we presented novel verbal material (short narrative stories) in both spoken and sung formats to stroke patients at the acute poststroke stage and 6 months poststroke. The task comprised three learning trials and a delayed recall trial. Memory performance on the spoken and sung tasks did not differ at the acute stage, whereas sung stories were learned and recalled significantly ...
Source: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences - March 15, 2018 Category: Science Authors: Vera Leo, Aleksi J. Sihvonen, Tanja Linnavalli, Mari Tervaniemi, Matti Laine, Seppo Soinila, Teppo S ärkämö Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Artificial grammar learning in vascular and progressive non-fluent aphasias
Publication date: Available online 24 August 2017 Source:Neuropsychologia Author(s): Thomas E. Cope, Benjamin Wilson, Holly Robson, Rebecca Drinkall, Lauren Dean, Manon Grube, P. Simon Jones, Karalyn Patterson, Timothy D. Griffiths, James B. Rowe, Christopher I. Petkov Patients with non-fluent aphasias display impairments of expressive and receptive grammar. This has been attributed to deficits in processing configurational and hierarchical sequencing relationships. This hypothesis had not been formally tested. It was also controversial whether impairments are specific to language, or reflect domain general deficits in pr...
Source: Neuropsychologia - August 24, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Brief mindfulness meditation group training in aphasia: exploring attention, language and psychophysiological outcomes.
CONCLUSION & IMPLICATIONS: This is an emerging area of interest due to the potential low cost of MM training. Furthermore, MM is easily taught to patients, suggesting the possibility for widespread use in clinical practice as a supplement to existing language-focused interventions. PMID: 28627034 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders - June 19, 2017 Category: Speech-Language Pathology Authors: Marshall RS, Laures-Gore J, Love K Tags: Int J Lang Commun Disord Source Type: research

Aphemia: A rare presentation of an acute infarct (P3.277)
Conclusions:Aphemia, or apraxia of speech, is a rare presentation of dominant inferior frontal gyrus infarction. Aphemia is primarily a disorder of articulation, whereas aphasia is a disorder of language. This patient lost her ability to produce speech but was able to comprehend and write fluently. Her deficit did not fit a classic aphasia pattern but rather represented an inability to voluntarily control her oral muscles, resulting in a transient apraxia of the muscles of articulation, chewing, and deglutition. Very few cases of acute aphemia due to stroke are described, all localized to the dominant inferior frontal gyru...
Source: Neurology - April 17, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Stachyra, J., Davalos-Balderas, A., Lee, J., Kass, J. Tags: Cerebrovascular Disease Case Reports II Source Type: research

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