Lack of effects of eight-week left dorsolateral prefrontal theta burst stimulation on white matter macro/microstructure and connection in autism
In conclusion, we did not find a significant impact of left DLPFC cTBS on white matter macro/microstructure and connections in children and emerging adults with autism. These findings need to be interpreted in the context that the current intellectually able cohort in a single university hospital site limits the generalizability. Future studies are required to investigate if higher stimulation intensities and/or doses, other personal factors, or rTMS parameters might confer significant brain structural changes visible on MRI in ASD. (Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior)
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - March 16, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Effects of second language acquisition on brain functional networks at different developmental stages
AbstractPrevious studies have shown that language acquisition influences both the structure and function of the brain. However, whether the acquisition of a second language at different periods of life alters functional network organization in different ways remains unclear. Here, functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 27 English-speaking monolingual controls and 52 Spanish –English bilingual individuals, including 22 early bilinguals who began learning a second language before the age of ten and 30 late bilinguals who started learning a second language at age fourteen or later, were collected from the OpenNeuro...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - March 16, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Parkinson ’s disease CA2-CA3 hippocampal atrophy is accompanied by increased cholinergic innervation in patients with normal cognition but not in patients with mild cognitive impairment
AbstractAlthough brain cholinergic denervation has been largely associated with cognitive decline in patients with Parkinson ’s disease (PD), new evidence suggests that cholinergic upregulation occurs in the hippocampus of PD patients without cognitive deficits. The specific hippocampal sectors and potential mechanisms of this cholinergic compensatory process have been further studied here, using MRI volumetry and morph ometry coupled with molecular imaging using the PET radiotracer [18F]-Fluoroethoxybenzovesamicol ([18F]-FEOBV). Following a thorough screening procedure, 18 participants were selected and evenly distribut...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - March 13, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Interleukin-6 is correlated with amygdala volume and depression severity in adolescents and young adults with first-episode major depressive disorder
This study suggests that inflammation is an underlying neurobiological change and implies that IL-6 could serve as a potential biomarker f or identifying early stage MDD in adolescents and young adults. (Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior)
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - March 12, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The relationship between blast-related mild traumatic brain injury and executive function is moderated by white matter integrity
This study investigates whether white matter integrity, measured with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), could influence how remote BR mTBI history is associated with executive control. The sample included 151 Veterans from the Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center who were administered a clinical/TBI assessment, neuropsychological battery, and DTI scan as part of a larger battery. From previous research, six white matter tracts were identified as having a putative relationship with blast severity: the cingulum, hippocampal cingulum, corticospinal tract, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, superior longitudinal fascic...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - March 6, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Neuroticism and openness exhibit an anti-correlation pattern to dissociable default mode network: using resting connectivity and structural equation modeling analysis
AbstractThe default mode network (DMN) can be subdivided into ventral and dorsal subsystems, which serve affective cognition and mental sense construction, respectively. An internally dissociated pattern of anti-correlations was observed between these two subsystems. Although numerous studies on neuroticism and openness have demonstrated the neurological functions of the DMN, little is known about whether different subsystems and hubs regions within the network are engaged in different functions in response to the two traits. We recruited 223 healthy volunteers in this study and collected their resting-state functional mag...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - February 27, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Functional connectivity disruption of insular subregions in the cirrhotic patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy
This study extended our understanding about the neur ophysiology of MHE and may assist for its diagnosis. (Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior)
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - February 26, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Disrupted small-world white matter networks in patients with major depression and recent suicide plans or attempts
This study aimed to investigate white matter features associated with suicide. We constructed white matter structural networks by deterministic tractography via diffusion tensor imaging in 51 healthy controls, 47 depressed patients without suicide plans or attempts and 56 depressed patients with suicide plans or attempts. Then, graph theory analysis was used to measure global and nodal network properties. We found that local efficiency was decreased and path length was increased in suicidal depressed patients compared to healthy controls and non-suicidal depressed patients; moreover, the clustering coefficient was decrease...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - February 26, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Association between patent foramen ovale and migraine: evidence from a resting-state fMRI study
AbstractA relationship between migraine without aura (MO) and patent foramen ovale (PFO) has been observed, but the neural basis underlying this relationship remains elusive. Utilizing independent component analysis via functional magnetic resonance imaging, we examined functional connectivity (FC) within and across networks in 146 patients with MO (75 patients with and 71 patients without PFO) and 70 healthy controls (35 patients each with and without PFO) to elucidate the individual effects of MO and PFO, as well as their interaction, on brain functional networks. The main effect of PFO manifested exclusively in the FC a...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - February 21, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Smaller hypothalamic subregion with paraventricular nucleus in patients with panic disorder
AbstractIn panic disorder (PD), functional disturbance of the hypothalamus –pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis has been considered. However, in neuroimaging studies of PD, the hypothalamus and pituitary gland are poorly studied.We investigated the volume of PD patients ’ hypothalamus and pituitary gland, enrolling 38 PD patients and 38 healthy controls. Severity of PD was mild to moderate according to the Panic Disorder Severity Scale, and the illness duration was relatively short (median = 2.8 years). The hypothalamus’ gray matter was automatically extrac ted and segmented, whereas the pituitary gland was manually t...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - February 20, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Structural and functional changes following brain surgery in pediatric patients with intracranial space-occupying lesions
AbstractWe explored the structural and functional changes of the healthy hemisphere of the brain after surgery in children with intracranial space-occupying lesions. We enrolled 32 patients with unilateral intracranial space-occupying lesions for brain imaging and cognitive assessment. Voxel-based morphometry and surface-based morphometry analyses were used to investigate the structural images of the healthy hemisphere. Functional images were analyzed using regional homogeneity, amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations, and fractional-amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations. Voxel-based morphometry and surface-based morphom...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - February 20, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Functional connectivity changes of the hippocampal subregions in anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis
This study aimed to explore the changes in functional connectivity (FC) in the hippocampal subregions of patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis and its association with clinical symptoms and cognitive performance. Twenty-three patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis and 23 healthy controls (HC) were recruited. All participants underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scans and completed clinical cognitive scales. Based on the Brainnetome Atlas, the rostral (anterior) and caudal (posterior) hippocampi of both the left and right hemispheres were selected as regions of interest (ROIs) for FC analys...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - February 16, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Increasing variance of rich-club nodes distribution in early onset depression according to dynamic network
AbstractEarly onset depression (EOD) and late onset depression (LOD) are thought to have different pathogeneses, but lack of pathological evidence. In the current study we describe the dynamic rich-club properties of patients with EOD and LOD to address this question indirectly. We recruited 82 patients with late life depression (EOD 40, LOD 42) and 90 healthy controls. Memory, executive function and processing speed were measured, and resting-stage functional MRI was performed with all participants. We constructed a dynamic functional connectivity network and carried out rich-club and modularity analyses. Normalized mutua...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - February 13, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Distinct resting-state functional connectivity of the anterior cingulate cortex subregions in first-episode schizophrenia
This study aims to characterize resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) profiles of three subregions of ACC in patients with first-episode schizophrenia and healthy controls. Res ting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scans were collected from 60 first-episode schizophrenia (FES) patients and 60 healthy controls (HC), and the subgenual ACC (sgACC), pregenual ACC (pgACC), and dorsal ACC (dACC) were selected as seed regions from the newest automated anatomi cal labeling atlas 3 (AAL3). Seed-based rsFC maps for each ACC subregion were generated and compared between the two groups. The results revealed...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - February 13, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Brain network centrality and connectivity are associated with clinical subtypes and disease progression in Parkinson ’s disease
AbstractTo investigate brain network centrality and connectivity alterations in different Parkinson ’s disease (PD) clinical subtypes using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI), and to explore the correlation between baseline connectivity changes and the clinical progression. Ninety-two PD patients were enrolled at baseline, alongside 38 age- and sex-matched healthy cont rols. Of these, 85 PD patients underwent longitudinal assessments with a mean of 2.75 ± 0.59 years. Two-step cluster analysis integrating comprehensive motor and non-motor manifestations was performed to define PD subtypes. ...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - February 10, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research