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The Development of < em > Toxoplasma gondii < /em > Recombinant Trivalent Chimeric Proteins as an Alternative to < em > Toxoplasma < /em > Lysate Antigen (TLA) in Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for the Detection of Immunoglobulin G (IgG) in Small Ruminants
This study presents an evaluation of seventeen newly produced recombinant trivalent chimeric proteins (containing the same immunodominant fragment of SAG1 and SAG2 of Toxoplasma gondii antigens, and an additional immunodominant fragment of one of the parasite antigens, such as AMA1, GRA1, GRA2, GRA5, GRA6, GRA7, GRA9, LDH2, MAG1, MIC1, MIC3, P35, and ROP1) as a potential alternative to the whole-cell tachyzoite lysate (TLA) used in the detection of infection in small ruminants. These recombinant proteins, obtained by genetic engineering and molecular biology methods, were tested for their reactivity with specific anti-Toxo...
Source: Molecular Medicine - April 27, 2024 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Bart łomiej Tomasz Ferra Maciej Chyb Karolina So łowińska Lucyna Holec-G ąsior Marta Skwarecka Karolina Baranowicz Justyna Gatkowska Source Type: research

Bioactive components in Psidium guajava extracts elicit biotoxic attributes and distinct antioxidant enzyme modulation in the larvae of vectors of lymphatic filariasis and dengue
This study investigated the larvicidal potential of aqueous, methanol, and ethylacetate extracts of Guava (Psidium guajava) against Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus larvae. Functional group and phytochemical characterization were performed using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and GC-MS analysis to identify the bioactive compounds in the extracts. Larval bioassays were conducted using WHO standard procedures at concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50, 125, and 250 mg/L, and mortality was recorded after 24, 48, and 72 h. Additionally, antioxidant enzyme profiles in the larvae were studied. All of the solvent e...
Source: Experimental Parasitology - April 27, 2024 Category: Parasitology Authors: Harun K Aremu Olu I Oyewole Adeola Adenmosun Lateefah Oyafajo Zarat O Iwalewa Adenike Ademola Luqmon A Azeez Monsuru A Adeleke Source Type: research

Oxfendazole Nitazoxanide combination in experimental neurocysticercosis - anti-inflammatory and cysticidal effects
Exp Parasitol. 2024 Apr 25:108764. doi: 10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108764. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTNeurocysticercosis (NCC) is a parasitic infection caused by the larval stage of the pork tapeworm, Taenia solium. The complications of NCC include seizures, headaches, cognitive impairment, and focal neurological deficits. In addition to antiparasitic drugs and surgery, the management of NCC includes the use of corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and control symptoms. The traditional treatment with albendazole and praziquantel has not been altered over 30 years and present several side effects. There are other anti-helmi...
Source: Experimental Parasitology - April 27, 2024 Category: Parasitology Authors: Jefferson Aber Alves Ara újo Taynara Cristina Gomes Vanessa Cindy Neres Lima Yngrid Batista da Silva Ruy de Souza Lino Junior Marina Clare Vinaud Source Type: research

Bayesian estimation of the sensitivity and specificity of coprological and serological diagnostic tests for the detection of Ascaris suum infection on pig farms
Int J Parasitol. 2024 Apr 25:S0020-7519(24)00080-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2024.04.010. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTCoprological and serological diagnostic tests were compared to define the status of a pig farm with regard to Ascaris suum. On each of the 100 farms in France visited for the study, 10 blood samples were taken from pigs at the end of fattening (at least 22 weeks old) and 20 to 30 faecal samples were taken, depending on the category of animals present on the farm (10 sows, 10 piglets aged 10 to 12 weeks and 10 pigs at the end of fattening, aged at least 22 weeks). A SERASCA® ELISA test (Laboratory of Parasit...
Source: International Journal for Parasitology - April 27, 2024 Category: Parasitology Authors: Maxime Delsart Jean-Michel Reperant Chantal Benoit Edouard Boudin Jean-Fran çois Da-Costa Virginie Dorenlor Florent Eono Eric Eveno St éphane Kerpherique Gilles Poulain Marie Souquiere Martine Thomas-Henaff Fran çoise Pol Barbara Dufour Nicolas Rose Ch Source Type: research

Novel CRISPR-Cas-powered pen-side test for East Coast fever
We describe a streamlined, field-applicable diagnostic tool comprising a 20 min recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) reaction followed by a 60 min CRISPR-Cas12a reaction using a FAM/Biotin lateral flow strip readout. We tested two different RPA primer pairs and four different CRISPR-RNAs (crRNAs). The p104-based assay displayed high sensitivity, detecting as low as one infected lymphocyte per three microliters of blood and universally detecting eight different T. parva strains without detecting DNA from other Theileria spp. such as Theileria mutans and Theileria lestoquardi. This work opens the way for a field-applic...
Source: International Journal for Parasitology - April 27, 2024 Category: Parasitology Authors: Robert Muriuki Maingi Ndichu Samuel Githigia Nicholas Svitek Source Type: research

Ghosts of parasites past influence current non-consumptive effects in Drosophila nigrospiracula
Int J Parasitol. 2024 Apr 25:S0020-7519(24)00078-X. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2024.04.008. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTParasites can indirectly impact hosts through non-consumptive effects (NCEs) via changes in behaviour, morphology, and/or physiology. These responses can be understood in terms of the ecology of fear (ectoparasites) or the ecology of disgust (endoparasites) framework. We tested the hypothesis that NCEs of parasite exposure (e.g., parasite avoidance and defense) trade off with other important behaviours such as feeding and resting. We predicted that when exposed to parasites (without infection), hosts will in...
Source: International Journal for Parasitology - April 27, 2024 Category: Parasitology Authors: C Liang L T Luong Source Type: research

Occurrence of parasites in waters used for crops irrigation and vegetables from the Savannah of Bogot á, Colombia
In this study, the presence of parasites in surface water used for irrigation of crops (n = 96) and vegetables (celery and lettuce) (n = 120), from the Former La Ramada irrigation district, was evaluated using conventional and molecular parasitological methods. Our findings showed contamination of irrigation systems in the study area with domestic wastewater, demonstrated by the presence of Ancylostomatidae eggs, Ascaris spp., Hymenolepis spp., Trichuris spp., Capillaria spp., Giardia spp. cysts, and oocysts of Toxoplasma gondii and Cryptosporidium spp. A prevalence of 33% and 23.3% was calculated for helminths and protozo...
Source: Environmental Science and Pollution Research International - April 27, 2024 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Daniel Eduardo Ospina Santos Yulieth Alexandra Upegui Zapata Catherine Aguilar Buitrago Geraldine S ánchez Herrera Libia Eunise Chandillo Becoche Myriam Consuelo L ópez Páez Martha Cristina Bustos L ópez Carolina Ortiz Pineda Source Type: research

Optimization of benzenesulfonyl derivatives as anti-Trypanosomatidae agents: Structural design, synthesis, and pharmacological assessment against Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania infantum
This study details the early stages of hit-to-lead optimization for a benzenesulfonyl derivative, denoted as initial hit, against Trypanossoma cruzi (T. cruzi), Leishmania infantum (L. infantum) and Leishmania braziliensis (L. braziliensis). We investigated structure - activity relationships using a series of 26 newly designed derivatives, ultimately yielding potential lead candidates with potent low-micromolar and sub-micromolar activities against T. cruzi and Leishmania spp, respectively, and low in vitro cytotoxicity against mammalian cells. These discoveries emphasize the significant promise of this chemical class in t...
Source: Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry - April 27, 2024 Category: Chemistry Authors: Guilherme Freitas de Lima Hercos Mariza Gabriela Faleiro de Moura Lodi Cruz Ana Clara Cassiano Martinho Daniela de Melo Resende Danilo Farago Nascimento Paula Derksen Macruz Eduardo Jorge Pilau Silvane Maria Fonseca Murta Celso de Oliveira Rezende J únio Source Type: research

To Explore Potential Inhibitors Against Various Enzymatic Targets of Human African Trypanosomiasis
Comb Chem High Throughput Screen. 2024 Apr 25. doi: 10.2174/0113862073293708240416113543. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSynthetic drugs currently prescribed for the treatment of Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) are non-specific, toxic, demand extended therapeutic regimes and are of varying efficacy. Along with the challenging demographic and socio-economic hurdles, the everincreasing risk of drug resistance is another major problem to be addressed. Cysteine protease, Heat shock proteins (HSP-90), Trypanothione reductase (TR), Farnesyl diphosphate synthase, Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, UP-4-galactose epimerase, and...
Source: Combinatorial Chemistry and High Throughput Screening - April 27, 2024 Category: Chemistry Authors: Sayandeep Brahma Susmita Moitra Soumya Ranjan Bagchi Asmita Samadder Sisir Nandi Source Type: research

Genetic Diversity of Blastocystis in Diarrheal Cases: Identification of Subtypes and Alleles
In conclusion, our study provides important data on the molecular epidemiological characteristics of the Blastocystis by determining positivity, subtypes and alleles in diarrheal cases. Therefore, within the scope of the one health approach, comprehensive molecular epidemiological studies are required to determine the presence and genotypes of Blastocystis in human, animal and environmental samples.PMID:38676586 | DOI:10.5578/mb.202498207 (Source: Mikrobiyoloji Bulteni)
Source: Mikrobiyoloji Bulteni - April 27, 2024 Category: Microbiology Authors: Evren Tileklio ğlu Hatice Ertabaklar Source Type: research

Concomitant ectopic Enterobius vermicularis infection in uterine cervical cancer
Enterobius vermicularis (E. vermicularis), also referred to as pinworm, is a widespread human intestinal parasite which predominantly occurs in young children, making their caretakers a population at risk for the... (Source: BMC Women's Health)
Source: BMC Women's Health - April 27, 2024 Category: OBGYN Authors: Iztok Taka č, Rajko Kavalar, Matija Rudolf Lovrec and Vida Gavrić Lovrec Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

Leishmania vaccine development: A comprehensive review
Cell Immunol. 2024 Apr 23;399-400:104826. doi: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2024.104826. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTInfectious diseases like leishmaniasis, malaria, HIV, tuberculosis, leprosy and filariasis are responsible for an immense burden on public health systems. Among these, leishmaniasis is under the category I diseases as it is selected by WHO (World Health Organization) on the ground of diversity and complexity. High cost, resistance and toxic effects of Leishmania traditional drugs entail identification and development of therapeutic alternative. Since the natural infection elicits robust immunity, consistence efforts ...
Source: Cellular Immunology - April 26, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Isha Saini Jyoti Joshi Sukhbir Kaur Source Type: research