Editor ’ s Message: September –October 2016 Issue Highlights
Dear Colleagues:
Welcome to the September-October 2016 issue of Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience (ICNS). As the official journal of the CNS Summit, the International Society for CNS Drug Development (ISCDD), and the International Society for CNS Clinical Trials and Methodology (ISCTM), an important part of our editorial mission is to accelerate and enhance of the development of cheaper, more effective treatments for our patients through technology, collaboration, and innovation—not just in neuroscience but in all disciplines of medicine and among all involved entities, including clinicians, researchers, and members o...
Source: Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience - October 9, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: ICN Online Editor Tags: Current Issue Drug Development Editor's Message: Issue Highlights Neurology Psychiatry Trial Methodology Amir H. Kalali CNS Summit Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience ISCDD ISCTM Source Type: research
Eszopiclone-induced Parasomnia with Suicide Attempt: A Case Report
Conclusion
The possibility for adverse effects, including life-threatening events, when taking eszopiclone should be considered by all prescribers. The pharmacological profile of eszopiclone suggests a potential for a greater risk of adverse events than with other benzodiazepine-like hypnotics such as zolpidem, which has a one-percent risk for sleep-related amnestic behaviors.[10] This risk increases further with concomitant administration of monoaminergic drugs like SSRIs. The risk for these behaviors among patients taking eszopiclone is yet to be quantified and presents an opportunity for future research endeavors. Regar...
Source: Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience - October 9, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: ICN Online Editor Tags: Case Report Current Issue Depression Mood Disorders Psychiatry Psychopharmacology Sleep Disorders benzodiazepine-like drug reaction Eszopiclone hypnotic insomnia parasomnia sedative Source Type: research
Nucleation behavior of eszopiclone-butyl acetate solutions from metastable zone widths
Publication date: 22 November 2016 Source:Chemical Engineering Science, Volume 155 Author(s): Shijie Xu, Jingkang Wang, Keke Zhang, Songgu Wu, Shiyuan Liu, Kangli Li, Bo Yu, Junbo Gong Experimental data on the critical supercooling ∆T max, a measure of metastable zone width (MSZWs), as a function of saturated temperature T 0 and cooling rate R were analyzed to describe the nucleation behavior of unseeded eszopiclone-butylacetate solutions. The Nývlt's semiempirical model and Sangwal's theory were employed, respectively. And moreover, we propose a modified model based on the Sangwal's theory in which the nuclea...
Source: Chemical Engineering Science - August 17, 2016 Category: Chemistry Source Type: research
New-Onset Visual Hallucinations With Eszopiclone.
Authors: McGuire JM, Duquette M, Burghart SM, Ferri MJ
PMID: 27486533 [PubMed - in process] (Source: The Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders)
Source: The Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders - August 5, 2016 Category: Primary Care Tags: Prim Care Companion CNS Disord Source Type: research
Pharmacologic Treatment of Insomnia Disorder: An Evidence Report for a Clinical Practice Guideline by the American College of Physicians.
Conclusion: Eszopiclone, zolpidem, and suvorexant may improve short-term global and sleep outcomes for adults with insomnia disorder, but the comparative effectiveness and long-term efficacy of pharmacotherapies for insomnia are not known. Pharmacotherapies for insomnia may cause cognitive and behavioral changes and may be associated with infrequent but serious harms.
Primary Funding Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
PMID: 27136278 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Annals of Internal Medicine)
Source: Annals of Internal Medicine - May 2, 2016 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Wilt TJ, MacDonald R, Brasure M, Olson CM, Carlyle M, Fuchs E, Khawaja IS, Diem S, Koffel E, Ouellette J, Butler M, Kane RL Tags: Ann Intern Med Source Type: research
Nonbenzodiazepine Sedative Hypnotics and Risk of Fall-Related Injury
Conclusions:For the treatment of insomnia in older adults, eszopiclone may present a safer alternative to zolpidem, in terms of fall-related injuries.Citation:Tom SE, Wickwire EM, Park Y, Albrecht JS. Nonbenzodiazepine sedative hypnotics and risk of fall-related injury. SLEEP 2016;39(5):1009–1014. (Source: Sleep)
Source: Sleep - April 29, 2016 Category: Sleep Medicine Source Type: research
Suvorexant: efficacy and safety profile of a dual orexin receptor antagonist in treating insomnia.
Authors: Owen RT
Abstract
Suvorexant is a hypnotic representing the first-in-class of a new group of agents known as dual orexin receptor antagonists. They target cerebral orexin receptors which, when activated, contribute to arousal and wakefulness. Suvorexant was shown to decrease sleep onset times and increase sleep duration, whether assessed objectively by polysomnography or subjectively by sleep diaries in primary insomnia patients. Overall tolerability was good, with somnolence being the commonest adverse event (≤ 7% in 3-month studies). No strong signals for rebound or withdrawal were seen after 1...
Source: Drugs of Today - March 5, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Drugs Today (Barc) Source Type: research
Inhibition of Orexin Signaling Promotes Sleep Yet Preserves Salient Arousability in Monkeys
Conclusions:In nonhuman primates, DORAs' targeted mechanism for promoting sleep protects the ability to selectively arouse to salient stimuli and perform attentional tasks unimpaired, suggesting meaningful differentiation between a hypnotic agent that works through antagonizing orexin wake signaling versus the sedative hypnotic effects of the GABAaR modulator mechanism of action.Citation:Tannenbaum PL, Tye SJ, Stevens J, Gotter AL, Fox SV, Savitz AT, Coleman PJ, Uslaner JM, Kuduk SD, Hargreaves R, Winrow CJ, Renger JJ. Inhibition of orexin signaling promotes sleep yet preserves salient arousability in monkeys. SLEEP 2016;3...
Source: Sleep - March 1, 2016 Category: Sleep Medicine Source Type: research
Emerging role of orexin antagonists in insomnia therapeutics: An update on SORAs and DORAs.
Abstract
The pharmacological management of insomnia has lately become a challenge for researchers worldwide. As per the third International Classification of Sleep disorders (ICSD-3) insomnia can be defined as a state with repeated difficulty in sleep initiation, duration, consolidation, or quality that occurs despite adequate opportunity and circumstances for sleep, and results in some form of daytime impairment. The conventional treatments approved for management of insomnia were benzodiazepines (BZDs) (estazolam, quazepam, triazolam, flurazepam and temazepam) and non-BZDs, also known as z-drugs (zaleplo...
Source: Pharmacological Reports - February 29, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Kumar A, Chanana P, Choudhary S Tags: Pharmacol Rep Source Type: research
Eszopiclone versus zopiclone in the treatment of insomnia
CONCLUSION: Based on the Insomnia Severity Index at the end of four weeks of treatment, eszopiclone demonstrated efficacy comparable to that of zopiclone in the treatment of insomnia, increasing total sleep time as well as sleep efficiency according to polysomnography. (Source: Clinics)
Source: Clinics - February 5, 2016 Category: Journals (General) Source Type: research
Pharmacology for sleep disturbance in PTSD
Symptoms of sleep disturbance, particularly nightmares and insomnia, are a central feature of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Emerging evidence suggests that specific treatment of PTSD‐related sleep disturbance improves other symptoms of the disorder, which in turn suggests that such disturbance may be fundamental to development and maintenance of the disorder. This mini‐review focuses on pharmacological treatment of sleep disturbance in adult PTSD (specifically, studies testing the efficacy of antidepressants, adrenergic inhibiting agents, antipsychotics and benzodiazepine and non‐benzodiazepine hypnotics)....
Source: Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental - January 1, 2016 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Gosia Lipinska, David S. Baldwin, Kevin G. F. Thomas Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research
Sinus Node Dysfunction After Acute Lithium Treatment at Therapeutic Levels
Conclusion
Our case strongly suggests that sinus node dysfunction of lithium can occur even with lithium levels in the therapeutic range and in short-term “acute” treatment. Therefore, patients receiving lithium therapy should have their pulse monitored regulatory for any rhythm abnormalities, and lithium should be discontinued if rhythm disturbances occur during treatment. Further, when prescribing lithium, clinicians should regularly monitor their patients’ ECG and serum lithium levels to prevent serious or fatal complications.
Acknowledgment
The authors would like to thank our colleagues throughout Kosekai-Kusatsu...
Source: Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience - December 1, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: ICN Online Editor Tags: Case Report Current Issue Psychiatry Psychopharmacology Schizophrenia cardiac toxicity ECG Lithium sinus node dysfunction therapeutic level Source Type: research
Patient Background Factors Affecting the Therapeutic Outcomes in Response to Eszopiclone in Adult Patients with Chronic Insomnia: A Post Hoc Analysis of a Double-Blind Phase III Study in Japan
Conclusions:These findings may help clinicians to predict their patients' outcomes in response to standard doses of eszopiclone in clinical practice.Citation:Inoue Y, Kamijo A, Nagai R. Patient background factors affecting the therapeutic outcomes in response to eszopiclone in adult patients with chronic insomnia: a post hoc analysis of a double-blind phase III study in Japan. J Clin Sleep Med 2015;11(10):1171–1178. (Source: Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine : JCSM)
Source: Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine : JCSM - October 16, 2015 Category: Sleep Medicine Source Type: research
Effects of opioid, hypnotic and sedating medications on sleep-disordered breathing in adults with obstructive sleep apnoea.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this review show that currently no evidence suggests that the pharmacological compounds assessed have a deleterious effect on the severity of OSA as measured by change in AHI or ODI. Significant clinical and statistical decreases in minimum overnight SpO2 were observed with remifentanil, zolpidem 20 mg and triazolam 0.25 mg. Eszopiclone 3 mg and sodium oxybate 4.5 g showed a beneficial effect on the severity of OSA with a reduction in AHI and may merit further assessment as a potential therapeutic option for a subgroup of patients with OSA. Only one trial assessed the effect of an opioid (remif...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - July 14, 2015 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Mason M, Cates CJ, Smith I Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research
Treatment of chronic insomnia disorder in menopause: evaluation of literature
Conclusions: Although a variety of interventions are shown to be helpful in improving sleep in menopause, there is a need for well-designed head-to-head trials with uniform outcome measures. (Source: Menopause)
Source: Menopause - May 29, 2015 Category: OBGYN Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
