Elucidation of novel SNPs affecting immune response to classical swine fever vaccination in pigs using immunogenomics approach
AbstractThe host genetic makeup plays a significant role in causing the within-breed variation among individuals after vaccination. The present study was undertaken to elucidate the genetic basis of differential immune response between high and low responderLandlly (Landrace X Ghurrah) pigletsvis- à-vis CSF vaccination. For the purpose, E2 antibody response against CSF vaccination was estimated in sampled animals on the day of vaccination and 21-day post-vaccination as a measure of humoral immune response. Double-digestion restriction associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing was undertaken on 96 randomly chosenLandlly piglets us...
Source: Veterinary Research Communications - November 29, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Spatiotemporal analysis of foot and mouth disease outbreaks in cattle and small ruminants in T ürkiye between 2010 and 2019
AbstractDetermining the dynamics associated with foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreaks is important for being able to develop effective strategic plans against the disease. In this direction, spatiotemporal analysis of FMD virus (FMDV) epidemic data that occurred in T ürkiye between 2010 and 2019 was carried out. Spatiotemporal analysis was performed by the space-time scan statistic using data from a total of 7,796 FMD outbreaks. Standard deviational ellipse analysis (SDE) was performed to analyse the directional trend of FMD. Five, six, and three significant an d high-risk clusters were identified by the space-time clus...
Source: Veterinary Research Communications - November 28, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Oxidative stress in dogs with chronic inflammatory enteropathy treated with allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells
AbstractThe search for new biomarkers in patients with chronic inflammatory enteropathy (CIE) is ongoing in the human and veterinary medicine fields. Oxidative stress biomarkers (malondialdehyde [MDA], reduced glutathione [GSH], and albumin) have been studied in humans with chronic enteropathies, but among them, only albumin has been studied in dogs with CIE. Moreover, the effect of mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) treatment with or without prednisone on these parameters has never been studied in dogs with CIE. These parameters were compared between healthy dogs (n = 12) and dogs with CIE, and before and 1, 3, 6, and 12 ...
Source: Veterinary Research Communications - November 28, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Effects of sage (Salvia officinalis) essential oil on growth, health and antioxidant capacity of common carp (Cyprinus carpio)
AbstractIn the study, effects ofS. officinalis essential oil on growth performance, health and antioxidant activity inC. carpio were investigated. The fish (13 ± 0.21 g) were fed with diet containing 1 and 3 ml kg− 1 of sage oil for 60 days. At the end of study, growth performance was not affected in fish fed with sage essential oil (p > 0.05). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in hepatopancreas increased with addition of 1ml kg− 1 sage oil to the diet. However, Catalase (CAT) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) values were not significantly altered in common carp. Total protein, albumin, glucose an...
Source: Veterinary Research Communications - November 28, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
An outbreak of type C botulism in free-ranging Southern lapwing (Vanellus chilensis)
AbstractIn the fall of 2021, a significant mortality event in free-ranging Southern Lapwing (Vanellus chilensis) occurred on a soccer field in southern Brazil. Approximately 130 adult southern lapwings died after showing weakness and flaccid paralysis, characterized by the inability to move or fly and drooped wings. Due to the large number of animals affected, there was concern that they had been criminally poisoned. The affected birds were found to have ingested maggots in fresh poultry litter incorporated into the grass surface.Postmortem examinations of four southern lapwings revealed no significant gross and histologic...
Source: Veterinary Research Communications - November 27, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Spent coffee grounds extract: antimicrobial activity against Paenibacillus larvae and its effect on the expression of antimicrobial peptides in Apis mellifera
AbstractIn recent years, natural alternatives have been sought for the control of beekeeping pathologies; in the case of American Foulbrood (AFB) disease, the use of synthetic antibiotics was prohibited due to honey contamination and the generation of resistant bacteria. The significant increase in population growth worldwide has led to great concern about the production of large amounts of waste, including those from agribusiness. Among the most important beverages consumed is coffee, generating thousands of tons of waste called spent coffee grounds (SCG). The SCG is a source of many bioactive compounds with known antimic...
Source: Veterinary Research Communications - November 22, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Objective and owner-reported outcomes after modified cranial closing wedge ostectomy: a case series
AbstractImmediate and longer-term outcomes of a cranial closing wedge ostectomy variant for management of canine cranial cruciate ligament disease were assessed in this single-center retrospective consecutive study. Records and radiographs were retrieved and assessed by three independent observers to evaluate tibial plateau angle, anatomical-mechanical axis angle, tibial tuberosity distalization, and mechanical axis length before and after surgery. Kinetic gait analysis and owner questionnaires were used to assess clinical outcomes. Seventeen stifles from fifteen dogs were evaluated radiographically. Mean error from target...
Source: Veterinary Research Communications - November 18, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Bovine neutrophils kill the sexually-transmitted parasite Tritrichomonas foetus using trogocytosis
AbstractThe protozoan parasiteTritrichomonas foetus (T. foetus) is the causative organism of bovine trichomonosis (also referred to as trichomoniasis), a sexually-transmitted infection that reduces fertility in cattle. Efforts to control trichomonosis on cattle farms are hindered by the discouragement of antibiotic use in agriculture, and the incomplete, short-lived protection conferred by the current vaccines. A more complete mechanistic understanding of what effective immunity toT. foetus entails could enable the development of more robust infection control strategies. While neutrophils, the primary responders to infecti...
Source: Veterinary Research Communications - November 16, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Spillover of an endemic avian Influenza H6N2 chicken lineage to ostriches and reassortment with clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 high pathogenicity viruses in chickens
AbstractPrior to 2017, chicken production in South Africa had only ever been affected by an endemic strain of H6N2 low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI), but since 2017, an outbreak of Goose/Guangdong clade 2.3.4.4b H5N8 high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) introduced by wild birds, followed by clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 HPAI (2021-present), affected the country. In the present study, the viruses from seven cases of H6N2 LPAI from commercial poultry between October 2019 and August 2020 were genome-sequenced along with an H5N2 HPAI virus, and phylogenetic analysis was performed. The H5N2 HPAI virus caused localized outbreaks ...
Source: Veterinary Research Communications - November 15, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
A novel action of insulin sensitizing drug as a potential promotor of preovulatory follicles, ovulation rate and prolificacy in sheep
AbstractThe effect of the insulin-sensitizing drug metformin on preovulatory follicle (POF) number, ovulation rate, fetal rate and prolificacy was studied in forty-six cyclic Malpura ewes. After estrus synchronization, the ewes were equally divided into two groups (n = 23). The treatment group (MET) received a daily oral dose of metformin at a rate of 500 mg/animal for approximately 12 weeks, spanning five estrous cycles, as against untreated control (CON). All the ewes were bred to proven rams at the end of treatment. Ovarian ultrasound scans were perform ed at each estrus and day 9 of each cycle to assess the numbe...
Source: Veterinary Research Communications - November 14, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Changes in free amino acid profile in goats with pregnancy toxemia
AbstractPregnancy toxemia is a metabolic disorder that afflicts goats when the heightened energy requirements preceding parturition are not sufficiently satisfied. At present, the potential association between pregnancy toxemia and the free amino acid composition in hair goats remains uncharted territory. The purpose of this study is to investigate the free amino acid profile in goats during the pivotal three weeks preceding delivery, distinguishing among those with subclinical pregnancy toxemia (SPT), clinical pregnancy toxemia (CPT), and those in the control group (CG). Additionally, the study aims to investigate any pot...
Source: Veterinary Research Communications - November 13, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Epidemiological investigation of ASF outbreaks in Kerala (India): detection, source tracing and economic implications
This study investigates suspected African swine fever (ASF) outbreaks in two villages of Kannur district in Kerala, India, with the aim of identifying the causative agent and its genotype, the source of infection, and estimating the economic losses due to the outbreaks. Clinically, the disease was acute with high mortality, while gross pathology was characterized by widespread haemorrhages in various organs, especially the spleen, which was dark, enlarged and had friable cut surfaces with diffuse haemorrhages. Notably, histopathological examination revealed multifocal, diffuse haemorrhages in the splenic parenchyma and lym...
Source: Veterinary Research Communications - November 13, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Evaluation of a smartphone electrocardiograph in healthy foals and comparison to standard base-apex electrocardiography
In conclusion, the smartphone-based ECG device tested in the present study recorded good quality single-lead ECG tracings in foals, reliable for heart rate and ECG measurements, but different polarity of P waves and QRS complexes was found in some foals in comparison to rECG. (Source: Veterinary Research Communications)
Source: Veterinary Research Communications - November 10, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Cerebral arterial vascularization of the scimitar-horned oryx (Oryx dammah)
AbstractThe Scimitar-horned Oryx (Oryx dammah) is a large terrestrial mammal native to Africa. Since the year 2000, it is classified as extinct in the wild. It is a subject of various conservation projects. The aim of this study was to describe the arterial vascularization of the brain in this species of oryx. Three different anatomical methods were used to obtain a complete arterial pattern - latex injection, corrosion cast, and computed tomography. The arterial vascularization of the brain was described. The main components of the cerebral arterial circle were the rostral cerebral arteries and the caudal communicating ar...
Source: Veterinary Research Communications - November 9, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Search for antibodies against Trichinella in two synanthropic Procyonidae species from southeast Mexico: white-nosed coatis (Nasua narica) and raccoons (Procyon lotor)
AbstractTrichinella is a nematode that are spread by the consumption of parasitized meat. Carnivora, a mammalian order, serve as key hosts for this parasite. However, evidence ofTrichinella in wildlife from the Neotropics is extremely scarce, with reports documenting its presence only for five carnivore species: two Felidae, one Otariidae and two Mustelidae. Other widely distributed species that are consumed as bushmeat, such as Procyonidae, have not been studied in this context. A long-term study was performed for antibodies againstTrichinella in coatis (Nasua narica) and common raccoons (Procyon lotor) in southeastern Me...
Source: Veterinary Research Communications - November 8, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
