How real do you feel? Self- and partner-authenticity in social anxiety disorder.
We examined self- and partner-ratings of authenticity of both partners at 3 time points over the course of the 30-min interaction. Multilevel linear models indicated that individuals with SAD reported lower self-authenticity compared to NSA individuals (both compared to their interaction partners and compared to those from control dyads). In addition, increases in self-authenticity during the interaction were significantly lower for the experimental dyads compared to the control dyads. Specifically, both individuals with SAD and their NSA partners experienced lower increases in self-authenticity compared to NSA individuals...
Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology - December 21, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Disentangling temporal dynamics in attention bias from measurement error: A state-space modeling approach.
Temporal dynamics in attention bias (AB) have gained increasing attention in recent years. It has been proposed that AB is variable over trials within a single test session of the dot-probe task, and that the variability in AB is more predictive of psychopathology than the traditional mean AB score. More important, one of the dynamics indices has shown better reliability than the traditional mean AB score. However, it has been also suggested that the dynamics indices are unable to uncouple random measurement error from true variability in AB, which questions the estimation precision of the dynamics indices. To clarify and ...
Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology - December 14, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Neuroticism and the longitudinal trajectories of anxiety and depressive symptoms in older adolescents.
Adolescence is a developmental period characterized by remarkable volatility and comorbidity in internalizing disorders. Delineating internalizing symptom change in a manner that accounts for symptoms’ shared versus distinctive features is imperative to an understanding of their development. An additional question concerns how vulnerabilities for internalizing disorders relate to development of internalizing symptoms. Cross-sectional and prospective associations between neuroticism and internalizing psychopathology are well-established, yet conclusive evidence on neuroticism’s relation to the progression of symptom dim...
Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology - December 14, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Affective inhibitory control and risk for internalizing problems in adolescents exposed to child maltreatment: A population-based study.
Adolescents’ emotion regulatory capacities modulate the relationship between child maltreatment experiences and psychopathology. Affective inhibitory control constitutes an important part of emotion regulation and involves the ability to regulate automatic or prepotent responses to irrelevant and potentially distracting emotional information. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of affective inhibitory control in the relationship between exposure to child maltreatment and internalizing problems in adolescence. A nationally representative sample of adolescents (n = 9,240; 49% girls; Mage = 14 years; SD...
Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology - December 14, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Stronger tilt aftereffects in persons with schizophrenia.
Individuals with schizophrenia may fail to appropriately use temporal context and apply past environmental regularities to the interpretation of incoming sensory information. Here we use the visual system as a test bed for investigating how prior experience shapes perception in individuals with schizophrenia. Specifically, we use visual aftereffects, illusory percepts resulting from prior exposure to visual input, to measure the influence of prior events on current processing. At a neural level, visual aftereffects arise due to attenuation in the responses of neurons that code the features of the prior stimulus (neuronal a...
Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology - December 10, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The effect of mortality salience on bodily scanning behaviors in anxiety-related disorders.
Accumulated empirical evidence suggests that death anxiety is strongly associated with multiple mental health conditions. Despite this, few studies have experimentally explored whether manipulating reminders of death could influence the symptoms of mental illnesses. The present, preregistered study used a mortality salience design to assess whether death reminders could increase anxious behavior (i.e., time spent scanning one’s body, identification with images consistent with poorer health, and intention to visit a medical practitioner) among individuals with relevant disorders. A total of 128 treatment-seeking participa...
Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology - December 10, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Social reward, punishment, and prosociality in paranoia.
Paranoia is the exaggerated belief that harm will occur and is intended by others. Although commonly framed in terms of attributing malicious intent to others, recent work has explored how paranoia also affects social decision-making, using economic games. Previous work found that paranoia is associated with decreased cooperation and increased punishment in the Dictator Game (where cooperating and punishing involve paying a cost to respectively increase or decrease a partner’s income). These findings suggest that paranoia might be associated with variation in subjective reward from positive and/or negative social decisio...
Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology - December 3, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Repeated measurement of implicit self-associations in clinical depression: Psychometric, neural, and computational properties.
We examined reliability, clinical correlates, and neural and computational substrates of IAT performance. IAT scores showed adequate (.67–.81) split-half reliability and convergent validity with one another and with relevant explicit symptom measures. Test-retest correlations (in vs. outside the functional MRI scanner) were present but modest (.15–.55). In depressed patients, on average, negative implicit self-representations appeared to be weaker or less efficiently processed relative to positive self-representations; elicited greater recruitment of frontoparietal task network regions; and, according to computational ...
Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology - December 3, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Reciprocal effects of personality and general distress: Neuroticism vulnerability is stronger than scarring.
Internalizing (anxiety and depressive) disorders, and the symptoms that comprise them, are known for being chronic and recurrent. Neuroticism, reflecting dispositional tendencies toward negative affect, is a personality trait that bears durable cross-sectional and prospective associations with internalizing symptoms. There are also indications that extraversion, consisting of tendencies such as the heightened experience of positive emotion, is associated with these symptoms. Some investigators have posited that the experience of internalizing symptoms leaves residual effects, or scars, on personality traits, with the effec...
Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology - December 3, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Comparison of three models of adverse childhood experiences: Associations with child and adolescent internalizing and externalizing symptoms.
Exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) is prevalent and confers risk for psychopathology later in life. Approaches to understanding the impact of ACEs on development include the independent risk approach, the Dimensional Model of Adversity and Psychopathology (DMAP) distinguishing between threat and deprivation events, and the cumulative risk approach. The present research provides an empirical confirmation of DMAP and a comparison of these three approaches in predicting internalizing and externalizing symptoms in youth. In Study 1, mental health professionals (N = 57) rated ACEs as threat or deprivation events. ...
Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology - December 3, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Temporal networks of tobacco withdrawal symptoms during smoking cessation treatment.
A recently developed network perspective on tobacco withdrawal posits that withdrawal symptoms causally influence one another across time, rather than simply being indicators of a latent syndrome. Evidence supporting a network perspective would shift the focus of tobacco withdrawal research and intervention toward studying and treating individual withdrawal symptoms and intersymptom associations. Here we construct and examine temporal tobacco withdrawal networks that describe the interplay among withdrawal symptoms across time using experience-sampling data from 1,210 participants (58.35% female, 86.24% White) undergoing s...
Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology - November 30, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
A virtual reality study of cognitive biases in body dysmorphic disorder.
This study represents a critical first step in the long-term goal of harnessing VR gaming technology to supercharge existing treatment approaches for this debilitating illness. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology)
Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology - November 30, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Sleep and circadian rhythm disruption predict persecutory symptom severity in day-to-day life: A combined actigraphy and experience sampling study.
This study combined actigraphy and experience-sampling methodology (ESM) to capture the relation between sleep and next-day persecutory symptoms in patients with psychosis and prevailing delusions. Individuals with current persecutory delusions (PD; n = 67) and healthy controls (HC; n = 39) were assessed over 6 consecutive days. Objective sleep and circadian rhythm measures were assessed using actigraphy. Every morning upon awakening, subjective sleep quality was measured using ESM. Momentary assessments of affect and persecutory symptoms were gathered at 10 random time points each day using ESM. Robust linear mixed modeli...
Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology - November 19, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Depression in mothers and the externalizing and internalizing behavior of children: An attempt to go beyond association.
Hundreds of studies have documented an association between depression in mothers and behavior problems in children. Theory and empirical findings suggest this association may be confounded by other factors, but little attention has been paid to this issue. We used propensity score methods in a sample of 731 low-income families assessed repeatedly from child age 2 through 14 years to produce a weighted sample of families that were similar at child age 3 years except for mothers’ depression. Depressive symptomatology was measured via self-report rating scale. Mothers were categorized as having clinically-elevated versus no...
Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology - November 19, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Extraversion and interpersonal support as risk, resource, and protective factors in the prediction of unipolar mood and anxiety disorders.
Whereas there is extensive research on factors that contribute to vulnerability for depression and anxiety, research on how to promote mental health or offset risk effects in individuals likely to develop these disorders is lacking. Resilience models focus on risk, resource, and protective factors and their relationships. The current longitudinal study evaluated whether extraversion and interpersonal support functioned in resource or protective roles in relation to unipolar mood disorder (UMD), anxiety disorder (AD), and comorbid diagnoses. Data from 534 adolescents over a 3-year period were examined in a series of surviva...
Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology - November 12, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
