Self-esteem instability might be more characteristic of borderline personality disorder than affective instability: Findings from an e-diary study with clinical and healthy controls.
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is commonly characterized by pervasive instability. Affective instability, despite being a diagnostic criterion in the DSM–5, is commonly seen as a transdiagnostic feature, but recent studies have brought new attention to the importance of self-esteem instability as a potential defining feature of BPD. However, evidence is lacking regarding whether heightened self-esteem instability is a specific feature of BPD when patients with BPD are compared to clinical controls. Using ambulatory assessment, we examined self-esteem instability and affective instability in participants’ daily l...
Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology - February 3, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Young children with suicidal thoughts and behaviors more likely to resolve conflicts with violence, homicide, or suicide: A study of internal working models using narratives.
This study characterizes 3- to 6-year-olds’ depictions of violence, death, and suicidal themes in a story completion task as a function of their history of SI. Participants were 228 children with depression (3.0–6.9 years) who completed a comprehensive psychiatric assessment and four story stem narratives. For each narrative, an interviewer began a story with a conflict that the child was encouraged to resolve. Children’s resolutions were coded for standard themes and negative atypical themes including violence and homicide, accidental harm or death, and suicidal ideation/acts. Themes were examined as a function of c...
Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology - January 27, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
New titles can give new perspectives: Reflections on language and equity in clinical science.
Rebranding of the Journal of Abnormal Psychology as the Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science is insufficient, and will not move the dial on the stigma and discrimination against people suffering from mental illness without a good deal more effort on the part of our community of scholars. In this editorial to inaugurate the new title of this Journal, coauthored by the prompter of this change along with the current editor, we unpack ways in which researchers can be mindful of language, research practices such as representation, and advocacy to promote a healthier science going forward. (PsycInfo Database Record (c...
Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology - January 27, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Obsessive compulsive disorder and response inhibition: Meta-analysis of the stop-signal task.
This systematic review and meta-analysis updates evidence pertaining to response inhibition in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) as measured by the stop-signal task (SST). We conducted a meta-analysis of the literature to compare response inhibition in patients with OCD and healthy controls, metaregressions to determine relative influences of age and sex on response inhibition performance, and a risk of bias assessment for included studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Stop-signal reaction time (SSRT), which estimates the latency of the stopping process deficit, was significantly longer in OCD samples than in...
Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology - December 30, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The impact of punishment on cognitive control in a clinical population characterized by heightened punishment sensitivity.
Punishments can help inform us to make adaptive changes in behavior. However, previous research suggested that only low punishment-sensitive individuals “learn” from punishment, whereas high punishment-sensitive individuals do not. Here we used a flanker interference task with performance-contingent punishment signals to test the hypothesis that a clinical group characterized by heightened punishment sensitivity (i.e., patients with anorexia nervosa [AN]) would fail to adapt to conflict following punishment. To distinguish between state and trait factors, we tested for between-group differences in separate cohorts of a...
Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology - December 23, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Longitudinal group and individual networks of eating disorder symptoms in individuals diagnosed with an eating disorder.
Eating disorders (EDs) are serious psychiatric illnesses with high mortality and societal cost. Despite their severity, there are few evidence-based treatments, and only 50% of individuals respond to existing treatments. This low response rate may be due to the fact that EDs are highly heterogeneous disorders. Precision treatments are needed that can intervene on individual maintenance factors. The first step in such treatment development is identification of central treatment targets, both at the group (i.e., on average) and individual level. The current study (N = 102 individuals with an ED) utilized intensive longitudin...
Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology - December 23, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Multimethod assessment of pubertal timing and associations with internalizing psychopathology in early adolescent girls.
Early pubertal timing has consistently been associated with internalizing psychopathology in adolescent girls. Here, we aimed to examine whether the association between timing and mental health outcomes varies by measurement of pubertal timing and internalizing psychopathology, differs between adrenarcheal and gonadarcheal processes, and is stronger concurrently or prospectively. We assessed 174 female adolescents (age 10.0–13.0 at Time 1) twice, with an 18-month interval. Participants provided self-reported assessments of depression/anxiety symptoms and pubertal development, subjective pubertal timing, and date of menar...
Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology - December 23, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Analyzing dynamic change in children’s socioemotional development using the strengths and difficulties questionnaire in a large United Kingdom longitudinal study.
This study uses ALT-SR and multilevel GVAR models to analyze the temporal, contemporaneous, and between-person relations between key dimensions of child mental health: emotional problems, peer problems, conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention, and prosociality as measured by the parent-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) in 17,478 children from the U.K. Millennium Cohort study at ages 3, 5, 7, 11, 14, and 17 years. Children’s strengths and difficulties in different domains of psychosocial functioning were dynamically associated with each other over- and within-time. The ALT-SR highlighted that hyp...
Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology - December 20, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
A time-lagged study of predictors of paranoia and psychotic-like experiences in daily life across the schizotypy continuum.
This study used experience sampling methodology to examine the putative temporal associations of both risk and protective factors (negative emotional states, stress, self-esteem, and social appraisals) with the experience of paranoia and other positive psychotic-like experiences (PLE) in daily-life. A combined sample of 178 participants including 65 high-schizotypy, 74 at-risk mental states for psychosis, and 39 first-episode psychosis individuals was assessed repeatedly over seven consecutive days. Sadness, anxiety, stress, and negative social appraisals predicted higher levels of subsequent paranoia and PLE. In contrast,...
Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology - December 16, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Stressor-elicited smoking and craving during a smoking cessation attempt.
This study supports a prospective relationship between stressful events and smoking/craving in situ and demonstrates that NRT does not reduce the impact of stressors on smoking or craving. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology)
Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology - December 9, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Estimating the symptom structure of bipolar disorder via network analysis: Energy dysregulation as a central symptom.
Using network analysis, we estimated the structure of relations among manic and depressive symptoms, respectively, in 486 patients (59% women; age: M = 37, SD = 12.1) with bipolar disorder prior to their entering a clinical trial. We computed three types of networks: (a) Gaussian graphical models (GGMs) depicting regularized partial correlations, (b) regression-based GGMs depicting nonregularized partial correlations, and (c) directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) via a Bayesian hill-climbing algorithm. Low energy and elevated energy were consistently identified as central nodes in the GGMs and as key parent nodes in the DAGs. Acr...
Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology - December 6, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Stop self-injuring, then what? Psychosocial risk associated with initiation and cessation of nonsuicidal self-injury from adolescence to early adulthood.
We examined changes in psychosocial risk associated with NSSI onset and offset in an accelerated longitudinal study of 662 adolescents (12–18 years old) who were followed biennially for 10 years. Of the 133 participants who reported NSSI, 100 had stopped engaging in NSSI by the study’s end. NSSI initiation was associated with concurrent increases in depression, anxiety, externalizing symptoms, peer victimization, alcohol, tobacco and illicit substance use, and concurrent declines in physical self-concept, parent, and peer support. As NSSI persisted, youth experienced further increases in anxiety and cannabis use, and d...
Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology - November 29, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Delay discounting in suicidal behavior: Myopic preference or inconsistent valuation?
Prior studies sought to explain the predisposition to suicidal behavior in terms of myopic preference for immediate versus delayed reward, generating mixed evidence. Data from gambling and bandit tasks, however, suggest that suboptimal decisions in suicidal individuals are explained by inconsistent valuation rather than myopic preferences. We tested these two alternative hypotheses using a delay discounting task in 622 adults (suicide attempters with depression, suicide ideators with depression, nonsuicidal participants with depression, and healthy controls) recruited across three sites through inpatient psychiatric units,...
Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology - November 29, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
All by myself: Loneliness in social anxiety disorder.
We examined 88 individuals (44 with SAD and 44 without SAD) and used experience sampling (ES) methods, comprising of real-time measurement of naturally occurring events and participants’ emotional reactions to them during participants’ daily lives over the course of 21 days. Hierarchical linear models indicated that individuals with SAD reported significantly more loneliness compared to individuals without SAD. We also found that characteristics of social situations (negativity, positivity, and meaningfulness) were all positively and significantly associated with loneliness among individuals with SAD. Thus, social situ...
Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology - November 29, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Applying hierarchical bayesian modeling to experimental psychopathology data: An introduction and tutorial.
Over the past 2 decades Bayesian methods have been gaining popularity in many scientific disciplines. However, to this date, they are rarely part of formal graduate statistical training in clinical science. Although Bayesian methods can be an attractive alternative to classical methods for answering certain research questions, they involve a heavy “overhead” (e.g., advanced mathematical methods, complex computations), which pose significant barriers to researchers interested in adding Bayesian methods to their statistical toolbox. To increase the accessibility of Bayesian methods for psychopathology researchers, this a...
Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology - November 29, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
