Temporal dynamics of insight in body dysmorphic disorder: An ecological momentary assessment study.
We examined insight as a multidimensional, contextually embedded, and dynamic factor using ecological momentary assessment (EMA), further assessing affect and self-esteem as potentially associated states. Thirty individuals with BDD and 30 mentally healthy controls (HCs) completed 6 days of EMA (M = 8.54 assessments per day, N = 3075 assessments in total). Multilevel analyses revealed substantial intraindividual fluctuations of insight dimensions (across 30 min to hours) that were more pronounced for individuals with BDD than for HCs. Poorer insight correlated with higher negative affect, lower positive affect, and lower s...
Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology - June 28, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Modeling a multidimensional model of memory performance in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A multilevel meta-analytic review.
Even though memory performance is a commonly researched aspect of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), a coherent and unified explanation of the role of specific cognitive factors has remained elusive. To address this, the present meta-analysis examined the predictive validity of Harkin and Kessler’s (2011b) executive function, binding complexity, and memory load (EBL) Classification System concerning affected versus unaffected memory performance in OCD. We employed a multilevel meta-analytic approach (Viechtbauer, 2010) to accommodate the interdependent nature of the EBL model and interdependency of effect sizes (305 ef...
Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology - June 28, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Longitudinal associations of cannabis, depression, and anxiety in heterosexual and LGB adolescents.
This study examines the relationships between cannabis, and depression and anxiety symptoms at 13, 15, and 17 years using cross-lagged models in a predominantly White (n = 1,430; 92%) subsample of 1,548 participants from the Quebec Longitudinal study of Child Development. Multigroup analyses were conducted to examine the models according to sexual orientation. Demographic covariates were included as control variables, as well as alcohol, cigarette, and other drug use to examine cannabis specificity. The full sample revealed small bidirectional associations, which remained significant once control variables were included in...
Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology - June 28, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Relationship between transdiagnostic dimensions of psychopathology and traumatic brain injury (TBI): A TRACK-TBI study.
Neuropsychiatric symptoms are common, comorbid, and often disabling for patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Identifying transdiagnostic symptom dimensions post-TBI may help overcome limitations of traditional psychiatric diagnoses and advance treatment development. We characterized the dimensional structure of neuropsychiatric symptoms at 2-weeks postinjury in n = 1,732 TBI patients and n = 238 orthopedic-injured trauma controls (OTC) from the Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in TBI (TRACK-TBI) study. Symptoms were reported on the Brief Symptom Inventory-18, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Depression che...
Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology - June 10, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Separating the influences of late talking and dyslexia on brain structure.
Being a late talker constitutes a risk factor for later neurodevelopmental disorders; however, its neurobiological basis remains unexplored. We aimed to determine the unique and mutual correlates of late talking and developmental dyslexia on brain structure and behavioral outcomes in a large sample of 8- to 10-year-old children in a between-groups design (N = 120). Brain structure was examined using voxel-based morphometry (to measure gray matter volume) and surface-based morphometry (to measure gray matter volume, cortical thickness, surface area, and curvature of the cortex). Behaviorally, late talking and dyslexia are i...
Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology - April 15, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Do suicidal desire and facets of capability for suicide predict future suicidal behavior? A longitudinal test of the desire–capability hypothesis.
This study tested the predictive validity of the desire–capability hypothesis. A total of 1,020 self-injuring and/or suicidal adults were recruited worldwide online from suicide, self-injury, and mental health web forums. After baseline assessment, participants completed follow-up assessments at 3, 14, and 28 days after baseline. Participant retention was high (>90%) across all follow-up assessments. Analyses examined the effect of the statistical interaction between suicidal desire and indices of capability for suicide on future nonfatal suicide attempts. Main analyses focused on the fearlessness about death facet of ca...
Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology - April 15, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The distribution of daily affect distinguishes internalizing and externalizing spectra and subfactors.
There has been increasing recognition that classically defined psychiatric disorders cluster hierarchically. However, the degree to which this hierarchical taxonomy manifests in the distribution of one’s daily affective experience is unknown. In 462 young adults, we assessed psychiatric symptoms across internalizing and externalizing disorders and then used cell-phone-based ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to assess the distribution (mean, standard deviation, skew, kurtosis) of one’s positive and negative affect over 3–4 months. Psychiatric symptoms were modeled using a higher-order factor model that estimated i...
Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology - March 29, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The distinct role of body image aspects in predicting eating disorder onset in adolescents after one year.
Recent research suggests specific body image aspects, namely weight/shape dissatisfaction, overvaluation of weight/shape, weight/shape preoccupation, and fear of weight gain, have distinct roles in eating disorder (ED) onset and maintenance. The aim of this study was to investigate unique associations between these body image aspects and ED onset, distress, and quality of life in a community sample of adolescents prospectively after 1 year. Adolescents (n = 1,327; 51% female; age range 11–19 years) who completed Waves 1 and 2 of the EveryBODY Study and did not meet criteria for an ED at Wave 1 completed measures of ED sy...
Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology - March 11, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Intergenerational transmission of depression risk: Mothers’ neural response to reward and history of depression are associated with daughters’ neural response to reward across adolescence.
Impaired reward responsiveness, a construct of the RDoC positive valence systems (PVS), prospectively predicts depression onset and may therefore represent an important marker of risk. Neural structures implicated in reward processing undergo substantial change during adolescence, a period of heightened risk for depression, particularly for those with a family history of the disorder. However, it is not clear whether familial transmission of PVS functioning also changes across adolescence, nor whether a family history of depression influences normative development of the PVS. To address these questions, mothers and their a...
Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology - February 4, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Three recommendations based on a comparison of the reliability and validity of the predominant models used in research on the empirical structure of psychopathology.
The present study compared the primary models used in research on the structure of psychopathology (i.e., correlated factor, higher-order, and bifactor models) in terms of structural validity (model fit and factor reliability), longitudinal measurement invariance, concurrent and prospective predictive validity in relation to important outcomes, and longitudinal consistency in individuals’ factor score profiles. Two simpler operationalizations of a general factor of psychopathology were also examined—a single-factor model and a count of diagnoses. Models were estimated based on structured clinical interview diagnoses in...
Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology - February 4, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Symptoms as rapidly fluctuating over time: Revealing the close psychological interconnections among borderline personality disorder symptoms via within-person structures.
This study thus examined the psychological connections between symptoms directly, using borderline personality disorder (BPD) symptoms as an example. Participants (252; 74 with BPD) reported their momentary BPD symptoms five times daily, and 165 did so again 18 months later. In support of personalized medicine (Wright & Woods, 2020), individuals’ BPD symptom structures differed considerably from each other and from the between-person structure. A novel technique revealed that differences were greater than expected by chance. Within-person structures tended to exhibit more symptom granularity (more factors and lower varia...
Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology - February 4, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The structure of peritraumatic reactions and their relationship with PTSD among disaster survivors.
Peritraumatic reactions such as fear, psychic and somatoform dissociation, tonic immobility, data-driven processing, and mental defeat are important in the etiology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, current measures of such reactions overlap conceptually and do not clearly identify distinct peritraumatic processes. It is not known which processes are uniquely associated with PTSD. We investigated the factor structure of six standard peritraumatic measures and their relationship with the four Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM–5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) PTSD...
Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology - February 4, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Neuroticism and reward-related ventral striatum activity: Probing vulnerability to stress-related depression.
Elevated neuroticism may confer vulnerability to the depressogenic effects of stressful life events (SLEs). However, the mechanisms underlying this susceptibility remain poorly understood. Accumulating evidence suggests that stress-related disruptions in neural reward processing might undergird links between stress and depression. Using data from the Saint Louis Personality and Aging Network (SPAN) study and Duke Neurogenetics Study (DNS), we examined whether neuroticism moderates links between stressful life events (SLE) and depression as well as SLEs and ventral striatum (VS) response to reward. In the longitudinal SPAN ...
Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology - February 4, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Paranoia is associated with impaired novelty detection and overconfidence in recognition memory judgments.
We examined 2 phenomena that may contribute to this effect: an overreliance on fluency-based processes during recognition, manifesting as a lower threshold for judging items as recently studied, and a propensity to require less information to come to a highly confident judgment. The former would be expected to be particularly pronounced among items that are generally familiar, as opposed to completely novel. Here, we manipulated familiarity in a recognition memory paradigm by using stimuli that varied in their rate of extraexperimental exposure (i.e., real words vs. pseudowords). Further, to determine whether paranoia was ...
Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology - January 25, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science is the future of the Journal of Abnormal Psychology: An editorial.
This editorial describes the rationale behind changing this journal’s title beginning in 2022. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology)
Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology - January 14, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
