The role of stress phenotypes in understanding childhood adversity as a transdiagnostic risk factor for psychopathology.
Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science, Vol 132(3), Apr 2023, 277-286; doi:10.1037/abn0000619Childhood adversity is a leading transdiagnostic risk factor for psychopathology, being associated with an estimated 31–62% of childhood-onset disorders and 23–42% of adult-onset disorders (Kessler et al., 2010). Major unresolved theoretical challenges stem from the nonspecific and probabilistic nature of the links between childhood adversity and psychopathology. The links are nonspecific because childhood adversity increases risk, through a range of mechanisms, for diverse forms of psychopathology and are probabilisti...
Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology - May 1, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Contemporary integrative interpersonal theory: Integrating structure, dynamics, temporal scale, and levels of analysis.
Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science, Vol 132(3), Apr 2023, 263-276; doi:10.1037/abn0000741Theoretical accounts of psychopathology often emphasize social context as etiologically central to psychological dysfunction, and interpersonal impairments are widely implicated for many legacy diagnostic categories that span domains of psychopathology (e.g., affective, personality, thought disorders). Contemporary Integrative Interpersonal Theory (CIIT) seeks to explain the emergence, expression, and maintenance of socioaffective functioning and dysfunction across levels and timescales of analysis. We emphasize the import...
Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology - May 1, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Linking the past to the future by predictive processing: Implications for psychopathology.
Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science, Vol 132(3), Apr 2023, 249-262; doi:10.1037/abn0000730Most theories of psychopathology have focused on etiology at a specific level (e.g., genetic, neurobiological, psychological, or environmental) to explain specific symptoms or disorders. A few biopsychosocial theories have provided explanations that attempt to integrate different levels and disorders to some extent. However, these theories lack a framework in which different levels of analysis are integrated and thus do not explain the mechanism by which etiological factors interact and perturb neurobiology which in turn l...
Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology - May 1, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Modes: Cohesive personality states and their interrelationships as organizing concepts in psychopathology.
Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science, Vol 132(3), Apr 2023, 238-248; doi:10.1037/abn0000699We propose a transdiagnostic approach that centers on modes, state-like manifestations of personality that function as cohesive organizational units. Modes are characterized by specific profiles of affects, behaviors, cognitions, and desires that tend to be coactivated. Each mode is typically experienced as having its own distinct experiential and agentic qualities. A mode-based approach to psychopathology builds on recent analytic and methodological developments which demonstrate the value of modeling personality states d...
Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology - May 1, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
A cybernetic perspective on the nature of psychopathology: Transcending conceptions of mental illness as statistical deviance and brain disease.
Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science, Vol 132(3), Apr 2023, 228-237; doi:10.1037/abn0000541Explicitly or implicitly, psychopathology is often defined in terms of statistical deviance, requiring that an affected individual be sufficiently distant from the norm in some dimension of psychological or neural function. In recent decades, the dominant paradigm in psychiatric research has focused primarily on deviance in neural function, treating psychopathology as disease of the brain. We argue that these conceptualizations are misguided. We recently proposed a novel theory of psychopathology, based in cybernetics and ...
Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology - May 1, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Theories of psychopathology: Introduction to a special section.
Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science, Vol 132(3), Apr 2023, 223-227; doi:10.1037/abn0000824This special section on theories of psychopathology provides an opportunity to collect the emergent, cross-cutting scholarship that is challenging traditional approaches to understanding mental illness. Here, we appraise the state of theory in the field and emphasize the pitfalls of working in the context of overly flexible, unchallenged, and essentially unchallengeable theoretic models, such as the biopsychosocial model, which we argue has become the de facto theoretic model for our field. We further posit that theoretic ...
Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology - May 1, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
How negative affect does and does not lead to binge eating—The importance of craving and negative urgency in bulimia nervosa.
Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science, Vol 132(5), Jul 2023, 621-633; doi:10.1037/abn0000830Studies suggest that negative affect (NA) can trigger binge eating (BE) in patients with bulimia nervosa (BN). Important factors in this relation between NA and BE could be craving (an intense desire for a BE episode) and negative urgency (the tendency to act rashly when NA is high). Therefore, this study wants to firstly explore the relations between NA, craving, rash action, and BE in daily life and secondly whether craving and rash action mediate the relationship between NA and BE. A sample of 70 female patients with BN...
Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology - April 27, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Love, health, and the ‘hood: An examination of romantic relationship adjustment and perceived neighborhood quality as predictors of partnered Black Americans’ long-term psychological health.
Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science, Vol 132(5), Jul 2023, 531-541; doi:10.1037/abn0000821Existing disparities regarding Black Americans’ psychological health warrant further investigation of socioecological factors that may be associated with negative and positive dimensions of psychological health in this population. Romantic relationship functioning and neighborhood context are two domains relevant to Black Americans’ mental health. However, less is known about how they may serve as independent and interactive prospective predictors of Black Americans’ psychological health and potentially in distinctiv...
Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology - April 27, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
An examination of the relationship between positive schizotypy and suicide risk using five distinct samples.
Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science, Vol 132(5), Jul 2023, 634-643; doi:10.1037/abn0000833Individuals with schizophrenia are at increased risk for suicide. However, much less is known about suicide risk among individuals with schizotypic features. To address this gap in the literature, the current report examines the relationship between positive schizotypy and suicide risk using five distinct samples. Each of these five studies addresses unique, but complementary, questions regarding the relationship between positive schizotypy and suicide risk. Studies 1 and 2 investigate the cross-sectional relationship betw...
Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology - April 24, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Intersections of oppression: Examining the interactive effect of racial discrimination and neighborhood poverty on PTSD symptoms in Black women.
Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science, Vol 132(5), Jul 2023, 567-576; doi:10.1037/abn0000818Black Americans living in urban environments are disproportionately impacted by posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Both racial discrimination and neighborhood poverty are factors that contribute to this health disparity. However, studies focused on the intersection of these two oppressive systems on PTSD symptoms are lacking. To address this gap in the literature, we assessed the interactive effects of racial discrimination and neighborhood poverty on PTSD symptoms in an urban sample of trauma-exposed Black women (N = 3...
Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology - April 20, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Effort-cost decision-making in psychotic and mood disorders.
Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science, Vol 132(4), May 2023, 490-498; doi:10.1037/abn0000822Avolition and anhedonia are core symptoms across psychosis and mood disorders. One important mechanism thought to relate to these symptoms is effort-cost decision-making (ECDM), the valuation and estimation of work required to obtain a given reward. While recent work suggests impairments in ECDM in both mood disorders and psychosis relative to controls, limited work has taken a transdiagnostic approach to examine how these deficits relate to different symptom profiles across disorders. The present study investigated ECDM a...
Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology - April 20, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Exploring associations between affect and marijuana use in everyday life via specification curve analysis.
Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science, Vol 132(4), May 2023, 461-474; doi:10.1037/abn0000825Although frequently hypothesized, the evidence for associations between affect and marijuana use in everyday life remains ambiguous. Inconsistent findings across existing work may be due, in part, to differences in study design and analytic decisions, such as study inclusion criteria, the operationalization of affect, or the timing of affect assessment. We used specification curves to assess the robustness of the evidence for affect predicting same-day marijuana use and marijuana use predicting next-day affect across sever...
Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology - April 10, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Associations with youth psychotic-like experiences over time: Evidence for trans-symptom and specific cognitive and neural risk factors.
Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science, Vol 132(4), May 2023, 514-526; doi:10.1037/abn0000820The current study examined whether impairments in cognitive and neural factors at baseline (ages 9–10) predict initial levels or changes in psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) and whether such impairments generalize to other psychopathology symptoms (i.e., internalizing and externalizing symptoms). Using unique longitudinal Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study data, the study examined three time points from ages 9 to 13. Univariate latent growth models examined associations between baseline cognitive and neural met...
Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology - April 6, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Neurobiological and genetic correlates of the dissociative subtype of posttraumatic stress disorder.
This study examined the psychometric evidence for the dissociative subtype of PTSD in a sample of young, primarily male post-9/11-era Veterans (n = 374 at baseline and n = 163 at follow-up) and evaluated its biological correlates with respect to resting state functional connectivity (default mode network [DMN]; n = 275), brain morphology (hippocampal subfield volume and cortical thickness; n = 280), neurocognitive functioning (n = 337), and genetic variation (n = 193). Multivariate analyses of PTSD and dissociation items suggested a class structure was superior to dimensional and hybrid ones, with 7.5% of the sample compri...
Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology - April 6, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Suicidal thinking as affect regulation.
Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science, Vol 132(4), May 2023, 385-395; doi:10.1037/abn0000828Nine percent of people worldwide report thinking about suicide at some point during their lives. A fundamental question we currently lack a clear answer to is: why do suicidal thoughts persist over time? One possibility is that suicidal thoughts serve adaptive functions for people who experience them. We tested whether suicidal thinking may serve as a form of affect regulation. In a real-time monitoring study among adults with recent suicidal thoughts (N = 105), we found that participants often endorsed using suicidal thin...
Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology - April 6, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
