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Lineage of drug discovery research on fluorinated pyrimidines: chronicle of the achievements accomplished by Professor Setsuro Fujii
AbstractProf. Setsuro Fujii achieved significant results in the field of drug discovery research in Japan. He developed nine well-known drugs: FT, UFT, S-1 and FTD/TPI are anticancer drugs, while cetraxate hydrochloride, camostat mesilate, nafamostat mesilate, gabexate mesilate and pravastatin sodium are therapeutic drugs for various other diseases. He delivered hope to patients with various diseases across the world to improve their condition. Even now, drug discovery research based on Dr. Fujii ’s ideas is continuing. (Source: International Journal of Clinical Oncology)
Source: International Journal of Clinical Oncology - March 24, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Nivolumab versus irinotecan as third- or later-line treatment for advanced gastric cancer: a multi-center retrospective study
ConclusionsAlthough no remarkable differences in efficacy were found between IRI and NIVO for AGC, NIVO had a better safety profile compared to IRI. We found no clinical markers that can assist treatment decisions. (Source: International Journal of Clinical Oncology)
Source: International Journal of Clinical Oncology - March 21, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Association between human papillomavirus and oral cancer: a literature review
AbstractHPV plays a vital role in the development of cervical cancers and oropharyngeal cancers, but it is controversial whether HPV is involved in oral cancer development and to what extent. In this review, the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of HPV-positive oral cancers are summarized, and the mechanisms of HPV-related oral cancer development are discussed. HPV DNA positivity rates are 20 –30% in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and HPV16 is the most common high-risk HPV.E6/E7 mRNA positivity rates are 2 –6% in OSCC. Detection of both high-risk HPV DNA andE6/E7 mRNA is recommended to...
Source: International Journal of Clinical Oncology - March 17, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Strategy for PSA progression in patients undergoing salvage radiation for biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy
ConclusionIn high-risk patients (PSA-DT  ≤ 12 months and/or SVI), salvage ADT for PSA progression after salvage RT should be started before the PSA levels exceed 1.0 ng/mL. (Source: International Journal of Clinical Oncology)
Source: International Journal of Clinical Oncology - March 17, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Clinical advantage of transmediastinal esophagectomy in terms of postoperative respiratory complications
ConclusionsTME for esophageal carcinoma was performed safely. TME was superior to TTE in terms of postoperative respiratory complications; however, the relatively higher frequency of anastomotic leakage should be considered and requires further evaluation. (Source: International Journal of Clinical Oncology)
Source: International Journal of Clinical Oncology - March 16, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Clinical Practice Guidelines for Pancreatic Cancer 2022 from the Japan Pancreas Society: a synopsis
ConclusionsThis guideline represents the most standard clinical and practical management guideline available until date in Japan. This is the English synopsis of the Clinical Practice Guidelines for Pancreatic Cancer 2022 in Japanese, and is an attempt to disseminate the Japanese guideline worldwide to introduce the Japanese approach to the clinical management of pancreatic cancer. (Source: International Journal of Clinical Oncology)
Source: International Journal of Clinical Oncology - March 15, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Clinical outcomes of patients diagnosed with cancer of unknown primary or malignancy of undefined primary origin who were referred to a regional cancer center
ConclusionThe outcome of patients with unfavorable-risk CUP remains to be poor. Site-specific therapy based on IHC is not recommended for all patients with unfavorable-risk CUP. (Source: International Journal of Clinical Oncology)
Source: International Journal of Clinical Oncology - March 10, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Impact of MIR31HG polymorphisms on risk of breast cancer in Chinese women
ConclusionsThe results indicated that theMIR31HG polymorphisms were associated with a reduced risk of BC in Chinese women. (Source: International Journal of Clinical Oncology)
Source: International Journal of Clinical Oncology - March 8, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Impact of skeletal muscle mass on the prognosis of patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy for resectable or borderline resectable pancreatic cancer
ConclusionLow TPA is a risk factor of poor survival in patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy for borderline resectable pancreatic cancer. TPA evaluation could potentially suggest the treatment strategy in this disease. (Source: International Journal of Clinical Oncology)
Source: International Journal of Clinical Oncology - March 6, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Nephrotoxicity associated with anticancer agents: perspective on onconephrology from nephrologists
AbstractNephrotoxicity is one of the most important complications in cancer patients. In particular, acute kidney injury (AKI) is known to be associated with discontinuing effective oncological treatments, longer hospitalizations, increased costs, and a higher risk of death. In addition to acute kidney injury, clinical signs associated with nephrotoxicity during treatment with anticancer agents include chronic kidney disease, proteinuria, hypertension, electrolyte abnormalities, and other characteristic manifestations. Many of these signs are caused both by cancer treatment as well as by cancer itself. Therefore, it is imp...
Source: International Journal of Clinical Oncology - March 5, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

piggyBac-transposon-mediated CAR-T cells for the treatment of hematological and solid malignancies
AbstractSince the introduction of the use of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CAR-T therapy) dramatically changed the therapeutic strategy for B cell tumors, various CAR-T cell products have been developed and applied to myeloid and solid tumors. Although viral vectors have been widely used to produce genetically engineered T cells, advances in genetic engineering have led to the development of methods for producing non-viral, gene-modified CAR-T cells. Recent progress has revealed that non-viral CAR-T cells have a significant impact not only on the simplicity of the production process and the accessibility of non...
Source: International Journal of Clinical Oncology - March 2, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Risk factors of SARS-CoV-2 infection and complications from COVID-19 in lung  cancer patients
Conclusions The mortality of lung cancer patients from COVID-19 disease in the present cohort was less than previously reported in the literature. The identification of risk factors associated with severe or fatal outcomes informs management of patients with lung cancer who develop COVID-19 disease. (Source: International Journal of Clinical Oncology)
Source: International Journal of Clinical Oncology - March 1, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Regulation of MEK inhibitor selumetinib sensitivity by AKT phosphorylation in the novel BRAF L525R mutant
ConclusionsWe established a model system harboringBRAF L525R using HEK293 cells.BRAF L525R constitutively activated ERK. AKT phosphorylation caused sensitivity and resistance to selumetinib. Our results suggest that a comprehensive network analysis may provide insights to identify effective therapies. (Source: International Journal of Clinical Oncology)
Source: International Journal of Clinical Oncology - March 1, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Recent advances in surgical techniques for breast reconstruction
AbstractAlthough the number of patients with breast cancer continues to rise worldwide, survival rates for these patients have significantly improved. As a result, breast cancer survivors are living longer, and quality of life after treatment is of increasing importance. Breast reconstruction is an important component that affects quality of life after breast cancer surgery. With the development of silicone gel implants in the 1960s, autologous tissue transfer in the 1970s, and tissue expanders in the 1980s, breast reconstruction has advanced over the decades. Furthermore, the advent of perforator flaps and introduction of...
Source: International Journal of Clinical Oncology - February 27, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Association of microbiota with cancer treatment
AbstractThe impact of immune checkpoint molecule inhibitors on cancer treatment is significant. At the same time, further improvement in their efficacy has become essential. For this reason, there has been increasing interest in investigating the state of the cancer microenvironment in which efficacy can be demonstrated. The gut microbiota plays an important role in the cancer microenvironment. Recent developments in the study of gut microbiota have been explosive, benefiting from technological innovations in next-generation sequencing. Gut microbiota are specific enough to identify an individual and change gently with age...
Source: International Journal of Clinical Oncology - February 27, 2023 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research