Glycoconjugate journal special issue on: the glycobiology of Parkinson ’s disease
AbstractParkinson ’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects over 10 million aging people worldwide. This condition is characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the pars compacta region of thesubstantia nigra (SNpc) and by aggregation of proteins, commonly α-synuclein (SNCA). The formation of Lewy bodies that encapsulate aggregated proteins in lipid vesicles is a hallmark of PD. Glycosylation of proteins and neuroinflammation are involved in the pathogenesis. SNCA has many posttranslational modifications and interacts with components of membranes tha t affect aggregation. The large m...
Source: Glycoconjugate Journal - November 10, 2021 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
A historical overview of advances in molecular genetic/genomic studies of the ABO blood group system
AbstractIn 1990, 90 years after the discovery of ABO blood groups by Karl Landsteiner, my research team at the Molecular Biology Laboratory of the now-defunct Biomembrane Institute elucidated the molecular genetic basis of the ABO polymorphism. Henrik Clausen, Head of the Immunology Laboratory, initiated the project by isolating human group A transferase (AT), whose partial amino acid sequence was key to its success. Sen-itiroh Hakomori, the Scientific Director, provided all the institutional support. The characterization started from the 3 major alleles (A1, B, and O), and proceeded to the alleles of A2, A3, A x and B3 ...
Source: Glycoconjugate Journal - November 10, 2021 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Glycosphingolipid metabolism and its role in ageing and Parkinson ’s disease
AbstractIt is well established that lysosomal glucocerebrosidase gene (GBA) variants are a risk factor for Parkinson ’s disease (PD), with increasing evidence suggesting a loss of function mechanism. One question raised by this genetic association is whether variants of genes involved in other aspects of sphingolipid metabolism are also associated with PD. Recent studies in sporadic PD have identified variants i n multiple genes linked to diseases of glycosphingolipid (GSL) metabolism to be associated with PD. GSL biosynthesis is a complex pathway involving the coordinated action of multiple enzymes in the Golgi apparatu...
Source: Glycoconjugate Journal - November 10, 2021 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Glycoconjugate journal special issue on: the glycobiology of Parkinson ’s disease
AbstractParkinson ’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects over 10 million aging people worldwide. This condition is characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the pars compacta region of thesubstantia nigra (SNpc) and by aggregation of proteins, commonly α-synuclein (SNCA). The formation of Lewy bodies that encapsulate aggregated proteins in lipid vesicles is a hallmark of PD. Glycosylation of proteins and neuroinflammation are involved in the pathogenesis. SNCA has many posttranslational modifications and interacts with components of membranes tha t affect aggregation. The large m...
Source: Glycoconjugate Journal - November 10, 2021 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
A historical overview of advances in molecular genetic/genomic studies of the ABO blood group system
AbstractIn 1990, 90 years after the discovery of ABO blood groups by Karl Landsteiner, my research team at the Molecular Biology Laboratory of the now-defunct Biomembrane Institute elucidated the molecular genetic basis of the ABO polymorphism. Henrik Clausen, Head of the Immunology Laboratory, initiated the project by isolating human group A transferase (AT), whose partial amino acid sequence was key to its success. Sen-itiroh Hakomori, the Scientific Director, provided all the institutional support. The characterization started from the 3 major alleles (A1, B, and O), and proceeded to the alleles of A2, A3, A x and B3 ...
Source: Glycoconjugate Journal - November 10, 2021 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Glycosphingolipid metabolism and its role in ageing and Parkinson ’s disease
AbstractIt is well established that lysosomal glucocerebrosidase gene (GBA) variants are a risk factor for Parkinson ’s disease (PD), with increasing evidence suggesting a loss of function mechanism. One question raised by this genetic association is whether variants of genes involved in other aspects of sphingolipid metabolism are also associated with PD. Recent studies in sporadic PD have identified variants i n multiple genes linked to diseases of glycosphingolipid (GSL) metabolism to be associated with PD. GSL biosynthesis is a complex pathway involving the coordinated action of multiple enzymes in the Golgi apparatu...
Source: Glycoconjugate Journal - November 10, 2021 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Rhizoctonia bataticola lectin induces apoptosis and inhibits metastasis in ovarian cancer cells by interacting with CA 125 antigen differentially expressed on ovarian cells
AbstractA N-glycan specific lectin fromRhizoctonia bataticola [RBL] was shown to induce growth inhibitory and apoptotic effect in human ovarian, colon and leukemic cells but mitogenic effect on normal PBMCs as reported earlier, revealing its clinical potential. RBL has unique specificity for high mannose tri and tetra antennary N-glycans, expressed in ovarian cancer and also recognizes glycans which are part of CA 125 antigen, a well known ovarian cancer marker. Hence, in the present study diagnostic and therapeutic potential of RBL was investigated using human ovarian epithelial cancer SKOV3 and OVCAR3 cells known for dif...
Source: Glycoconjugate Journal - November 8, 2021 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Structural characteristics of Heparan sulfate required for the binding with the virus processing Enzyme Furin
AbstractFurin is one of the nine-member proprotein convertase family. Furin cleaves proteins with polybasic residues, which includes many viral glycoproteins such as SARS-Cov-2 spike protein. The cleavage is required for the activation of the proteins. Currently, the mechanisms that regulate Furin activity remain largely unknown. Here we demonstrated that Furin is a novel heparin/heparan sulfate binding protein by the use of biochemical and genetic assays. The KD is 9.78 nM based on the biolayer interferometry assay. Moreover, we found that sulfation degree, site-specific sulfation (N-sulfation and 3-O-sulfation), and id...
Source: Glycoconjugate Journal - October 26, 2021 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Sialidase neu4 deficiency is associated with neuroinflammation in mice
In this study, we further explored whether sialidase Neu4 deficiency causes neuroinflammation. We demostrated that elevated level of GD1a and GT1b is associated with an increased level of LAMP1-positive lysosomal vesicles and Tunel-positive neurons correlated with alterations in the expression of cytokines and chemokines in adultNeu4-/- mice. Astrogliosis and microgliosis were also significantly enhanced in the hippocampus, and cerebellum. These changes in brain immunity were accompanied by motor impairment in these mice. Our results indicate that sialidase Neu4 is a novel mediator of an inflammatory response in the mouse ...
Source: Glycoconjugate Journal - October 23, 2021 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
The interaction of folate-modified Bletilla striata polysaccharide-based micelle with bovine serum albumin
This study investigated the affinity between FA-BSP-SA and bovine serum albumin (BSA) via multispetroscopic approaches. Changes in the morphology and particle size showed that FA-BSP-SA formed a blurry “protein corona”. Stern–Volmer equation demonstrated that FA-BSP-SA micelles decreased the fluorescence of BSA via static quenching. The measurement results of thermodynamic parameters (entropy change, enthalpy change, and Gibbs free energy) suggested that the binding between FA-BSP-SA and BSA was spontaneous in whichVan der Waals forces and hydrogen bonding played major roles. The results from synchronous fluorescence...
Source: Glycoconjugate Journal - September 29, 2021 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
SARS-CoV-2 S glycoprotein binding to multiple host receptors enables cell entry and infection
AbstractThe severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection displays a wide array of clinical manifestations. Although some risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity and outcomes have been identified the underlying biologic mechanisms are still not well understood. The surface SARS-CoV-2 proteins are heavily glycosylated enabling host cell interaction and viral entry. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has been identified to be the main host cell receptor enabling SARS-CoV-2 cell entry after interaction with its S glycoprotein. However, recent studies report SARS-CoV-2...
Source: Glycoconjugate Journal - September 20, 2021 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
