Anti-inflammatory and anti-necrotic effects of lectins from Canavalia ensiformis and Canavalia brasiliensis in experimental acute pancreatitis
In conclusion, ConA and ConBr markedly inhibitedin vitro andin vivo damage, effects partly dependent on the interaction with mannose residues on acinar cells. These data support the potential application of these proteins for treatment of acute pancreatitis. (Source: Glycoconjugate Journal)
Source: Glycoconjugate Journal - March 3, 2022 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Structure and function of glycosphingolipids on small extracellular vesicles
AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-delineated particles secreted by most types of cells under both normal and pathophysiological conditions. EVs are believed to mediate intercellular communication by serving as carriers of different bioactive ingredients, including proteins, nucleic acids and lipids. Glycoconjugates are complex molecules consisting of covalently linked carbohydrate with proteins or lipids. These glycoconjugates play essential roles in the sorting of vesicular protein and the uptake of small extracellular vesicles (30 –100 nm, sEVs) into recipient cells. Glycosphingolipids (GSLs), one subt...
Source: Glycoconjugate Journal - February 24, 2022 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Glycogen debranching pathway deduced from substrate specificity of glycogen debranching enzyme
AbstractGlycogen debranching enzyme (GDE) is bifunctional in that it exhibits both 4- α-glucanotransferase and amylo-α-1,6-glucosidase activity at two distinct catalytic sites. GDE converts the phosphorylase-limit biantennary branch [G-G-G-G-(G-G-G-G↔)G-G- residue, where G = d-glucose, hyphens represent α-1,4-glycosidic bonds, and the double-headed arrow represents an α-1,6-glycosidic bond] into a linear maltooligosyl residue, which is then subjected to phosphorylase, and glycogen degradation continues. The prevailing hypothesis regarding the glycogen debranching pathway was that 4-α-glucanotran sferase converts...
Source: Glycoconjugate Journal - February 22, 2022 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Enhancement of Edwardsiella piscicida infection, biofilm formation, and motility caused by N-acetylneuraminate lyase
AbstractSialic acid and its catabolism are involved in bacterial pathogenicity.N-acetylneuraminate lyase (NAL), which catalyzes the reversible aldol cleavage of sialic acid to formN-acetyl-D-mannosamine in the first step of sialic acid degradation, has been recently investigated to elucidate whether NAL enhances bacterial virulence; however, the role of NAL in bacterial pathogenicity remains unclear. In the present study, we demonstrated that the existence of two enzymes inEdwardsiella piscicida, referred to as dihydrodipicolinate synthase (DHDPS) and NAL, induced the cleavage/condensation activity toward sialic acids such...
Source: Glycoconjugate Journal - February 22, 2022 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Glycogen debranching pathway deduced from substrate specificity of glycogen debranching enzyme
AbstractGlycogen debranching enzyme (GDE) is bifunctional in that it exhibits both 4- α-glucanotransferase and amylo-α-1,6-glucosidase activity at two distinct catalytic sites. GDE converts the phosphorylase-limit biantennary branch [G-G-G-G-(G-G-G-G↔)G-G- residue, where G = d-glucose, hyphens represent α-1,4-glycosidic bonds, and the double-headed arrow represents an α-1,6-glycosidic bond] into a linear maltooligosyl residue, which is then subjected to phosphorylase, and glycogen degradation continues. The prevailing hypothesis regarding the glycogen debranching pathway was that 4-α-glucanotran sferase converts...
Source: Glycoconjugate Journal - February 22, 2022 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Enhancement of Edwardsiella piscicida infection, biofilm formation, and motility caused by N-acetylneuraminate lyase
AbstractSialic acid and its catabolism are involved in bacterial pathogenicity.N-acetylneuraminate lyase (NAL), which catalyzes the reversible aldol cleavage of sialic acid to formN-acetyl-D-mannosamine in the first step of sialic acid degradation, has been recently investigated to elucidate whether NAL enhances bacterial virulence; however, the role of NAL in bacterial pathogenicity remains unclear. In the present study, we demonstrated that the existence of two enzymes inEdwardsiella piscicida, referred to as dihydrodipicolinate synthase (DHDPS) and NAL, induced the cleavage/condensation activity toward sialic acids such...
Source: Glycoconjugate Journal - February 22, 2022 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Biosynthesis of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa common polysaccharide antigen by D-Rhamnosyltransferases WbpX and WbpY
In this study we showed that WbpX and WbpY recombinantly expressed inE. coli differ in their donor and acceptor specificities and have properties of GT-B folded enzymes of the GT4 glycosyltransferase family. NMR spectroscopic analysis of the WbpY reaction product showed that WbpY transferred one D-Rha residue in α1-3 linkage to synthetic D-Rhaα1-3-D-GlcNAcα-O-PO3-PO3-(CH2)11-O-phenyl acceptor. WbpX synthesized several products that contained D-Rha in both α1-2 and α1-3 linkages. Mass spectrometry indicated that the mixture of WbpX and WbpY efficiently catalyzed the synthesis of D-Rha oligomers in a non-processive mech...
Source: Glycoconjugate Journal - February 15, 2022 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Resistance to cisplatin in human lung adenocarcinoma cells: effects on the glycophenotype and epithelial to mesenchymal transition markers
This study aims to evaluate changes in the glycosylation profile of the A549 lung cancer cells brought about by the induction of a MDR phenotype as well as investigate the relationship between drug resistance, the cell glycophenotype and EMT. We induced resistance by employing a continuous treatment with cisplatin. Our results demonstrate overexpression of ABC transporters as well as anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family, leading to a MDR phenotype. The cells also undergo a classic EMT process, displaying the iconic cadherin switch and increased of both total and oncofetal fibronectin, coupled with increased cell moti...
Source: Glycoconjugate Journal - February 14, 2022 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Glycosylation in cancer: its application as a biomarker and recent advances of analytical techniques
AbstractDespite significant worldwide investment in research, cancer remains one of the most common cause of death in the world. Early detection and reliable diagnosis are the keys to effectively treating cancer and improving the long-term survival of cancer patients. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a single, non-invasive biomarker with high sensitivity and specificity. Aberrant glycosylation is well defined as a hallmark of cancer and represents a promising source of potential biomarkers. Tumor-associated carbohydrate epitopes have long been detected by using monoclonal antibodies and lectins. Recent advance...
Source: Glycoconjugate Journal - February 14, 2022 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Gangliosides in T cell development and function of mice
AbstractThe molecular diversity of glycosphingolipids (GSLs) that arouse during the course of evolution clearly plays an essential role in maintenance of biological homeostasis. Why is such a wide variety of GSLs necessary, and what gave rise to the expression mechanisms that are selective and specific to individual cells, tissues, or organs? What is the biological significanc e of these mechanisms? The same questions apply to GSLs involved in T cell development and activation. Primary CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells preferentially express differing ganglioside series: a-series and o-series, respectively. Conversely, a...
Source: Glycoconjugate Journal - February 14, 2022 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Resistance to cisplatin in human lung adenocarcinoma cells: effects on the glycophenotype and epithelial to mesenchymal transition markers
This study aims to evaluate changes in the glycosylation profile of the A549 lung cancer cells brought about by the induction of a MDR phenotype as well as investigate the relationship between drug resistance, the cell glycophenotype and EMT. We induced resistance by employing a continuous treatment with cisplatin. Our results demonstrate overexpression of ABC transporters as well as anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family, leading to a MDR phenotype. The cells also undergo a classic EMT process, displaying the iconic cadherin switch and increased of both total and oncofetal fibronectin, coupled with increased cell moti...
Source: Glycoconjugate Journal - February 14, 2022 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Glycosylation in cancer: its application as a biomarker and recent advances of analytical techniques
AbstractDespite significant worldwide investment in research, cancer remains one of the most common cause of death in the world. Early detection and reliable diagnosis are the keys to effectively treating cancer and improving the long-term survival of cancer patients. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a single, non-invasive biomarker with high sensitivity and specificity. Aberrant glycosylation is well defined as a hallmark of cancer and represents a promising source of potential biomarkers. Tumor-associated carbohydrate epitopes have long been detected by using monoclonal antibodies and lectins. Recent advance...
Source: Glycoconjugate Journal - February 14, 2022 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
