Lactosylceramide-enriched microdomains mediate human neutrophil immunological functions via carbohydrate-carbohydrate interaction
We describe here the mechanisms whereby LacCer mediates neutrophil immune systems via carbohydrate-carbohydrate interaction. (Source: Glycoconjugate Journal)
Source: Glycoconjugate Journal - April 4, 2022 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
The dynamic brain N-glycome
AbstractThe attachment of carbohydrates to other macromolecules, such as proteins or lipids, is an important regulatory mechanism termed glycosylation. One subtype of protein glycosylation is asparagine-linked glycosylation (N-glycosylation) which plays a key role in the development and normal functioning of the vertebrate brain. To better understand the role of N-glycans in neurobiology, it ’s imperative we analyse not only the functional roles of individual structures, but also the collective impact of large-scale changes in the brain N-glycome. The systematic study of the brain N-glycome is still in its infancy and da...
Source: Glycoconjugate Journal - March 25, 2022 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Signaling domains of cancer-associated glycolipids
AbstractImmunotherapy of malignant cancers is now becoming one of representative approaches to overcome cancers. To construct strategies for immunotherapy, presence of tumor-specific antigens should be a major promise. A number of cancer specific- or cancer-associated antigens have been reported based on various experimental sets and various animal systems. The most reasonable strategy to define tumor-specific antigens might be “autologous typing” performed by Old’s group, proposing three classes of tumor-antigens recognized by host immune systems of cancer patients. Namely, class 1, individual antigens that is prese...
Source: Glycoconjugate Journal - March 22, 2022 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Experimental and computational characterization of dynamic biomolecular interaction systems involving glycolipid glycans
AbstractOn cell surfaces, carbohydrate chains that modify proteins and lipids mediate various biological functions, which are exerted not only through carbohydrate –protein interactions but also through carbohydrate–carbohydrate interactions. These glycans exhibit considerable degrees of conformational variability and often form clusters providing multiple binding sites. The integration of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simu lation has made it possible to delineate the dynamical structures of carbohydrate chains. This approach has facilitated the remodeling of oligosaccharide conformatio...
Source: Glycoconjugate Journal - March 17, 2022 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
A galacturonan from Dioscorea opposita Thunb. regulates fecal and impairs IL-1 and IL-6 expression in diarrhea mice
AbstractAntibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) is a common side-effect of antibiotic treatment resulting from an imbalance in the colonic bacteria. The hypothesis of this study is to ask whether polysaccharide from the rhizome ofDioscorea opposita which is recorded as conventional herbs and food for diarrhea treatment in Southeast Asia, may be an active compound against diarrhea induced by antibiotics. To address, firstly, a homogenous polysaccharide, DOP0.2-S-3 was characterized as a homogalacturonan containing linear repeating units of → 4)-α-D-GalAp(1 → 4)-α-D-GalAp(1 → with the average molecular we...
Source: Glycoconjugate Journal - March 14, 2022 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Glycosphingolipids in human embryonic stem cells and breast cancer stem cells, and potential cancer therapy strategies based on their structures and functions
AbstractExpression profiles of glycosphingolipids (GSLs) in human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines and their differentiated embryoid body (EB) outgrowth cells, consisting of three germ layers, were surveyed systematically. Several globo- and lacto-series GSLs were identified in undifferentiated hESCs and during differentiation of hESCs to EB outgrowth cells, and core structure switching of these GSLs to gangliosides was observed. Such switching was attributable to altered expression of key glycosyltransferases (GTs) in GSL biosynthetic pathways, reflecting the unique stage-specific transitions and mechanisms characteristic...
Source: Glycoconjugate Journal - March 10, 2022 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Protective Effects of a synthetic glycosaminoglycan mimetic (OTR4132) in a rat immunotoxic lesion model of septohippocampal cholinergic degeneration
AbstractUsing a partial hippocampal cholinergic denervation model, we assessed the effects of the RGTA® named OTR4132, a synthetic heparan-mimetic biopolymer with neuroprotective/neurotrophic properties. Long-Evans male rats were injected with the cholinergic immunotoxin 192 IgG-saporin into the medial septum/diagonal band of Broca (0.37 µg); vehicle injections served as controls. Immediately after surgery, OTR4132 was injected into the lateral ventricles (0.25 µg/5 µl/rat) or intramuscularly (1.5 mg/kg). To determine whether OTR4132 reached the lesion site, some rats received intracerebroventricular (ICV) or intra...
Source: Glycoconjugate Journal - March 7, 2022 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
