Gangliosides in T cell development and function of mice
AbstractThe molecular diversity of glycosphingolipids (GSLs) that arouse during the course of evolution clearly plays an essential role in maintenance of biological homeostasis. Why is such a wide variety of GSLs necessary, and what gave rise to the expression mechanisms that are selective and specific to individual cells, tissues, or organs? What is the biological significanc e of these mechanisms? The same questions apply to GSLs involved in T cell development and activation. Primary CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells preferentially express differing ganglioside series: a-series and o-series, respectively. Conversely, a...
Source: Glycoconjugate Journal - February 14, 2022 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Optimisation of enzyme-assisted extraction of Erythronium sibiricum bulb polysaccharide and its effects on immunomodulation
In this study, polysaccharides ofErythronium sibiricum bulb were extracted using enzyme-assisted extraction technology and then optimised by response surface methodology. The characteristics and immunomodulatory activities of the polysaccharide (E1P) were investigated. Setting the yield of polysaccharides as the index, the effects of amylase content, zymolytic time, extraction pH and zymolytic temperature were investigated. The optimal extraction conditions for polysaccharides were as follows: amylase content, 1% weight of pre-treated powder; zymolytic time, 2 h; extraction pH, 7.5; and zymolytic temperature, 55 °C. Th...
Source: Glycoconjugate Journal - February 9, 2022 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
A critical role for GM1 ganglioside in the pathophysiology and potential treatment of Parkinson ’s disease
AbstractParkinson ’s disease (PD) is slowly progressing neurodegenerative disorder that affects millions of patients worldwide. While effective symptomatic therapies for PD exist, there is no currently available disease modifying agent to slow or stop the progression of the disease. Many years of research from vari ous laboratories around the world have provided evidence in favor of the potential ability of GM1 ganglioside to be a disease modifying agent for PD. In this paper, information supporting the use of GM1 as a disease modifying therapeutic for PD is reviewed along with information concerning the role that defici...
Source: Glycoconjugate Journal - February 1, 2022 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Antibody glycosylation in COVID-19
AbstractAntibody glycosylation has received considerable attention in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections and recently also in vaccination. Antibody glycosylation and in particular immunoglobulin G1 fucosylation levels influence effector functions and are therefore key parameters for assessing the efficacy and safety of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) directed immune responses. This review article summarizes and interprets recent research into antibody glycosylation in COVID-19. Experimental approaches for analyzing the glycosylation of SARS-CoV-2-directed antibody responses are eval...
Source: Glycoconjugate Journal - January 29, 2022 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Role of glycosyltransferases in carcinogenesis; growth factor signaling and EMT/MET programs
AbstractThe glycosylation of cell surface receptors has been shown to regulate each step of signal transduction, including receptor trafficking to the cell surface, ligand binding, dimerization, phosphorylation, and endocytosis. In this review we focus on the role of glycosyltransferases that are involved in the modification of N-glycans, such as the effect of branching and elongation in signaling by various cell surface receptors. In addition, the role of those enzymes in the EMT/MET programs, as related to differentiation and cancer development, progress and therapy resistance is discussed. (Source: Glycoconjugate Journal)
Source: Glycoconjugate Journal - January 28, 2022 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Discovery of antitumor effects of leczymes
AbstractSialic-acid binding lectin from bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) eggs, cSBL, is a cytotoxic ribonuclease (RNase) belonging to the RNase A superfamily. cSBL is cytotoxic to tumor cells, such as malignant pleural mesothelioma by inducing apoptotic cell death caused by the degradation of RNA in tumor cells. In addition, we have reported some data that cSBL could be involved in the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway, and it was also assumed to cause apoptotic cell death. The most significant property of cSBL is its specificity toward malignant cells. Furthermore, since the antitumor activity of cSBL was confirmed byin viv...
Source: Glycoconjugate Journal - January 23, 2022 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Impact of Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs) and its receptor (RAGE) on cancer metabolic signaling pathways and its progression
AbstractCancer is a complex disease with a 5 –10% hereditary base, but nutrition, lifestyle, and the environment we are exposed to influence 90–95% of cancers. Due to rapid westernization, the diet we consume is rich in advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs are the heterogeneous group of compounds formed by non-enzymatic reactions b etween reducing sugars and amino groups of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Its implication is confirmed in many chronic conditions such as diabetes, renal, cardiovascular diseases, and aging however its role in cancer development has been understudied. Cancer cells are continuou...
Source: Glycoconjugate Journal - January 22, 2022 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Novel insights on GM1 and Parkinson's disease: A critical review
AbstractGM1 is a crucial component of neuronal membrane residing both in the soma and nerve terminals. As reported in Parkinson ’s disease patients, the reduction of GM1 determines the failure of fundamental functional processes leading to cumulative cell distress up to neuron death. This review reports on the role of GM1 in the pathogenesis of the disease, illustrating the current data available but also hypotheses on the additional mechanisms in which GM1 could be involved and which require further study. In the manuscript we discuss these points trying to explain the role of diminished content of brain GM1, particular...
Source: Glycoconjugate Journal - January 22, 2022 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Impact of Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs) and its receptor (RAGE) on cancer metabolic signaling pathways and its progression
AbstractCancer is a complex disease with a 5 –10% hereditary base, but nutrition, lifestyle, and the environment we are exposed to influence 90–95% of cancers. Due to rapid westernization, the diet we consume is rich in advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs are the heterogeneous group of compounds formed by non-enzymatic reactions b etween reducing sugars and amino groups of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Its implication is confirmed in many chronic conditions such as diabetes, renal, cardiovascular diseases, and aging however its role in cancer development has been understudied. Cancer cells are continuou...
Source: Glycoconjugate Journal - January 22, 2022 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Novel insights on GM1 and Parkinson's disease: A critical review
AbstractGM1 is a crucial component of neuronal membrane residing both in the soma and nerve terminals. As reported in Parkinson ’s disease patients, the reduction of GM1 determines the failure of fundamental functional processes leading to cumulative cell distress up to neuron death. This review reports on the role of GM1 in the pathogenesis of the disease, illustrating the current data available but also hypotheses on the additional mechanisms in which GM1 could be involved and which require further study. In the manuscript we discuss these points trying to explain the role of diminished content of brain GM1, particular...
Source: Glycoconjugate Journal - January 22, 2022 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Methyl β-D-galactopyranoside esters as potential inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2 protease enzyme: synthesis, antimicrobial, PASS, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations and quantum computations
AbstractCarbohydrate esters are significant in medicinal chemistry because of their efficacy for the synthesis of biologically active drugs. In the present study, methyl β-D-galactopyranoside (MGP) was treated with various acyl halides to produce 6-O-acyl MGP esters by direct acylation method with an excellent yield. To obtain newer products for antimicrobial assessment studies, the 6-O-MGP esters were further modified into 2,3,4-tri-O-acyl MGP esters containing a wide variety of functionalities in a single molecular framework. The chemical structures of the newly synthesized compounds were elucidated by analyzing their p...
Source: Glycoconjugate Journal - January 17, 2022 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
