Influence of analytic methods, data sources, and repeated measurements on the population attributable fraction of lifestyle risk factors
AbstractPopulation attributable risk (PAR%) reflects the preventable fraction of disease. However, PAR% estimates of cancer have shown large variation across populations, methods, data sources, and timing of measurements. Three statistical methods to estimate PAR% were identified from a systematic literature review: the Levin ’s formula, the comparative incidence rate method, and the comparative risk assessment method. We compared the variations in PAR% of postmenopausal breast cancer in the Nurses’ Health Study to evaluate the influence by method choice, source of prevalence data, use of single vs repeated exposure me...
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - June 6, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
The association of myocardial infarction with cancer incidence
AbstractIn this commentary, the authors discuss the potential mechanisms for the finding of an association between myocardial infarction and cancer incidence. (Source: European Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - June 3, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
Synergistic effect of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and history of gestational diabetes to increase risk of type 2 diabetes
In conclusion, NAFLD synergistically increases the risk of subsequent T2DM i n women with pGDM. The combination of NAFLD and pGDM improves risk prediction for T2DM. (Source: European Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - May 31, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
Falsification of the instrumental variable conditions in Mendelian randomization studies in the UK Biobank
AbstractMendelian randomization (MR) is an increasingly popular approach to estimating causal effects. Although the assumptions underlying MR cannot be verified, they imply certain constraints, the instrumental inequalities, which can be used to falsify the MR conditions. However, the instrumental inequalities are rarely applied in MR. We aimed to explore whether the instrumental inequalities could detect violations of the MR conditions in case studies analyzing the effect of commonly studied exposures on coronary artery disease risk.Using 1077 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), we applied the instrumental inequalitie...
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - May 31, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
The influence of growth and sex hormones on risk of alzheimer ’s disease: a mendelian randomization study
AbstractAlzheimer ’s disease is more prevalent in women, possibly due to sex or growth hormones but existing evidence is inconclusive. We investigated whether genetically predicted sex and growth hormones are associated with risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Genetic variants strongly and independently predicting insul in-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were obtained from large, published genome wide associations studies (GWAS) and applied to GWAS of Alzheimer’s disease based on clinical diagnosis (cases = 21,982, control = 41,944) from the International Genomics o...
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - May 31, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
Residential proximity to petrol stations and risk of childhood leukemia
AbstractPetrol stations emit benzene and other contaminants that have been associated with an increased risk of childhood leukemia. We carried out a population-based case-control study in two provinces in Northern Italy. We enrolled 182 cases of childhood leukemia diagnosed during 1998 –2019 and 726 age- and sex-matched population controls. We geocoded the addresses of child residences and 790 petrol stations located in the study area. We estimated leukemia risk according to distance from petrol stations within a 1000 m buffer and amount of supplied fuel within a buffer of 250 m from the child’s residence. We used cond...
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - May 30, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
Towards an integrated and life-course approach to the epidemiology of dementia
(Source: European Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - May 20, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
The role of environmental factors on sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease mortality: evidence from an age-period-cohort analysis
AbstractSporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) is the most common form of prion diseases. The causes of sCJD are still unknown and exogenous factors may play a role. Worldwide, the number of patients with sCJD has progressively increased over time. This increase can be partly explained by increasing life expectancy and better case ascertainment, but a true increase in the number of sCJD cases cannot be excluded. We estimated mortality rates from sCJD in France (1992 –2016) and studied variation in mortality rates by age, period, and time.We included all cases aged 45 –89 years old who died with a probable/definite s...
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - May 16, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
COVID-19 mortality and use of intensive care among ethnic minorities – a national register-based Danish population study
AbstractMigrants and ethnic minorities are disproportionately affected by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic compared to the majority population. Therefore, we studied mortality and use of mechanical ventilation (MV) by country of birth and migrant status in a nationwide cohort in Denmark. Nationwide register data on all cases hospitalized for> 24-hours with COVID-19 between February 2020 and March 2021. Main outcome measures were mortality and MV within 30 days of hospitalization for COVID-19. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated by region of origin and migrant status u...
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - May 16, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
Lympho-hematopoietic malignancies risk after exposure to low dose ionizing radiation during cardiac catheterization in childhood
AbstractPediatric patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) often undergo low dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) from cardiac catheterization (CC) for the diagnosis and/or treatment of their disease. Although radiation doses from a single CC are usually low, less is known about the long-term radiation associated cancer risks. We aimed to assess the risk of lympho-hematopoietic malignancies in pediatric CHD patients diagnosed or treated with CC. A French cohort of 17,104 children free of cancer who had undergone a first CC from 01/01/2000 to 31/12/2013, before the age of 16 was set up. The follow-up started at the date of th...
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - May 16, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
Cohort profile update: Tehran cardiometabolic genetic study
AbstractThe Tehran cardiometabolic genetic study (TCGS) is a large population-based cohort study that conducts periodic follow-ups. TCGS has created a comprehensive database comprising 20,367 participants born between 1911 and 2015 selected from four main ongoing studies in a family-based longitudinal framework. The study's primary goal is to identify the potential targets for prevention and intervention for non-communicable diseases that may develop in mid-life and late life. TCGS cohort focuses on cardiovascular, endocrine, metabolic abnormalities, cancers, and some inherited diseases. Since 2017, the TCGS cohort has aug...
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - May 12, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
Lipidomics and pancreatic cancer risk in two prospective studies
AbstractPancreatic ductal carcinoma (PDAC) is highly fatal with limited understanding of mechanisms underlying its carcinogenesis. We comprehensively investigated whether lipidomic measures were associated with PDAC in two prospective studies. We measured 904 lipid species and 252 fatty acids across 15 lipid classes in pre-diagnostic serum (up to 24 years) in a PDAC nested-case control study within the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO,NCT00002540) with 332 matched case –control sets including 272 having serial blood samples and Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study ...
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - May 12, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
The association of a combined healthy lifestyle with the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer subtypes in the Netherlands Cohort Study
AbstractThe association between combined healthy lifestyle and postmenopausal breast cancer risk has been studied in various cohort studies, but only few evaluated the association with estrogen/progesterone (ER/PR) receptor subtypes of breast cancer, with inconsistent results. The relationship of a healthy lifestyle score (HLS) with risk of postmenopausal breast cancer (subtypes) was investigated in the Netherlands Cohort Study. In 1986, 62,573 women aged 55 –69 years provided information on dietary and lifestyle habits. The HLS was derived from information on smoking, body mass index, physical activity, Mediterranean d...
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - May 11, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
Leveraging family history data to disentangle time-varying effects on disease risk using lifecourse mendelian randomization
AbstractLifecourse Mendelian randomization is a causal inference technique which harnesses genetic variants with time-varying effects to develop insight into the influence of age-dependent lifestyle factors on disease risk. Here, we apply this approach to evaluate whether childhood body size has a direct consequence on 8 major disease endpoints by analysing parental history data from the UK Biobank study.Our findings suggest that, whilst childhood body size increases later risk of outcomes such as heart disease (odds ratio (OR) = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.07 to 1.23, P = 7.8 × 10− 5) and diabetes (OR = 1....
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - May 8, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
