Target parameters and bias in non-causal change-score analyses with measurement errors
AbstractIn studies where the outcome is a change-score, it is often debated whether or not the analysis should adjust for the baseline score. When the aim is to make causal inference, it has been argued that the two analyses (adjusted vs. unadjusted) target different causal parameters, which may both be relevant. However, these arguments are not applicable when the aim is to make predictions rather than to estimate causal effects. When the scores are measured with error, there have been attempts to quantify the bias resulting from adjustment for the (mis-)measured baseline score or lack thereof. However, these bias results...
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - April 12, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
Excess death estimates from multiverse analysis in 2009 –2021
AbstractExcess death estimates have great value in public health, but they can be sensitive to analytical choices. Here we propose a multiverse analysis approach that considers all possible different time periods for defining the reference baseline and a range of 1 to 4 years for the projected time period for which excess deaths are calculated. We used data from the Human Mortality Database on 33 countries with detailed age-stratified death information on an annual basis during the period 2009–2021. The use of different time periods for reference baseline led t o large variability in the absolute magnitude of the exact...
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - April 12, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
Healthy lifespan inequality: morbidity compression from a global perspective
AbstractCurrent measures of population health lack indicators capturing the variability in age-at-morbidity onset, an important marker to assess the timing patterns of individuals ’ health deterioration and evaluate the compression of morbidity. We provide global, regional, and national estimates of the variability in morbidity onset from 1990 to 2019 using indicators of healthy lifespan inequality (HLI). Using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, we reconstru ct age-at-death distributions to calculate lifespan inequality (LI), and age-at-morbidity onset distributions to calculate HLI. We measure LI and HLI...
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - April 7, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
Profile of the multicenter cohort of the German Cancer Consortium ’s Clinical Communication Platform
AbstractTreatment concepts in oncology are becoming increasingly personalized and diverse. Successively, changes in standards of care mandate continuous monitoring of patient pathways and clinical outcomes based on large, representative real-world data. The German Cancer Consortium ’s (DKTK) Clinical Communication Platform (CCP) provides such opportunity. Connecting fourteen university hospital-based cancer centers, the CCP relies on a federated IT-infrastructure sourcing data from facility-based cancer registry units and biobanks. Federated analyses resulted in a cohort of 600,915 patients, out of which 232,991 were inc...
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - April 5, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
All-cause mortality among Danish nursing home residents before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a nationwide cohort study
AbstractA substantial part of mortality during the COVID-19-pandemic occurred among nursing home residents which caused alarm in many countries. We investigate nursing home mortality in relation to the expected mortality prior to the pandemic. This nationwide register-based study included all 135,501 Danish nursing home residents between 2015 until October 6, 2021. All-cause mortality rates were calculated using a standardization method on sex and age distribution of 2020. Survival probability and lifetime lost for 180 days was calculated using Kaplan Meier estimates. Of 3,587 COVID-19 related deaths, 1137 (32%) occurred...
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - April 3, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
The association between body fatness and mortality among breast cancer survivors: results from a prospective cohort study
This study aimed to assess the association between body fatness and weight changes pre- and postdiagnosis and overall mortality and BC-specific mortality among BC survivors. Our study included 13,624 BC survivors from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study, with a mean follow-up of 8.6 years after diagnosis. Anthropometric data were obtained at recruitment for all cases and at a second assessment during follow-up for a subsample. We measured general obes ity using the body mass index (BMI), whereas waist circumference and A Body Shape Index were used as measures of abdominal obesit...
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - March 29, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
Self-reported insomnia symptoms, sleep duration, chronotype and the risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI): a prospective study in the UK Biobank and the HUNT Study
AbstractInsomnia and short/long sleep duration increase the risk of AMI, but their interaction with each other or with chronotype is not well known. We investigated the prospective joint associations of any two of these sleep traits on risk of AMI. We included 302 456 and 31 091 participants without past AMI episodes from UK Biobank (UKBB; 2006–10) and the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT2; 1995–97), respectively. A total of 6 833 and 2 540 incident AMIs were identified during an average 11.7 and 21.0 years follow-up, in UKBB and HUNT2, respectively. Compared to those who reported normal sleep duration (7–8 h) wi...
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - March 27, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
The association between night shift work and breast cancer risk in the Finnish twins cohort
AbstractBreast cancer is highly prevalent yet a more complete understanding of the interplay between genes and probable environmental risk factors, such as night work, remains lagging. Using a discordant twin pair design, we examined the association between night shift work and breast cancer risk, controlling for familial confounding. Shift work pattern was prospectively assessed by mailed questionnaires among 5,781 female twins from the Older Finnish Twin Cohort. Over the study period (1990 –2018), 407 incident breast cancer cases were recorded using the Finnish Cancer Registry. Cox proportional hazards models were used...
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - March 25, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
Identification of plasma metabolites associated with modifiable risk factors and endophenotypes reflecting Alzheimer ’s disease pathology
This study aims to identify plasma metabolites associated with modifiable factors for AD, including MIND diet, physical activity, smoking, and caffeine intake, and tes t their association with AD endophenotypes to identify their potential roles in pathophysiological mechanisms. The association between each of the 757 plasma metabolites and four modifiable factors was tested in the wisconsin registry for Alzheimer’s prevention cohort of initially cognitively unim paired, asymptomatic middle-aged adults. After Bonferroni correction, the significant plasma metabolites were tested for association with each of the AD endophen...
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - March 25, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
The association between night shift work and breast cancer risk in the Finnish twins cohort
AbstractBreast cancer is highly prevalent yet a more complete understanding of the interplay between genes and probable environmental risk factors, such as night work, remains lagging. Using a discordant twin pair design, we examined the association between night shift work and breast cancer risk, controlling for familial confounding. Shift work pattern was prospectively assessed by mailed questionnaires among 5,781 female twins from the Older Finnish Twin Cohort. Over the study period (1990 –2018), 407 incident breast cancer cases were recorded using the Finnish Cancer Registry. Cox proportional hazards models were used...
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - March 25, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
Identification of plasma metabolites associated with modifiable risk factors and endophenotypes reflecting Alzheimer ’s disease pathology
This study aims to identify plasma metabolites associated with modifiable factors for AD, including MIND diet, physical activity, smoking, and caffeine intake, and tes t their association with AD endophenotypes to identify their potential roles in pathophysiological mechanisms. The association between each of the 757 plasma metabolites and four modifiable factors was tested in the wisconsin registry for Alzheimer’s prevention cohort of initially cognitively unim paired, asymptomatic middle-aged adults. After Bonferroni correction, the significant plasma metabolites were tested for association with each of the AD endophen...
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - March 25, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
