The association between night shift work and breast cancer risk in the Finnish twins cohort
AbstractBreast cancer is highly prevalent yet a more complete understanding of the interplay between genes and probable environmental risk factors, such as night work, remains lagging. Using a discordant twin pair design, we examined the association between night shift work and breast cancer risk, controlling for familial confounding. Shift work pattern was prospectively assessed by mailed questionnaires among 5,781 female twins from the Older Finnish Twin Cohort. Over the study period (1990 –2018), 407 incident breast cancer cases were recorded using the Finnish Cancer Registry. Cox proportional hazards models were used...
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - March 25, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
Identification of plasma metabolites associated with modifiable risk factors and endophenotypes reflecting Alzheimer ’s disease pathology
This study aims to identify plasma metabolites associated with modifiable factors for AD, including MIND diet, physical activity, smoking, and caffeine intake, and tes t their association with AD endophenotypes to identify their potential roles in pathophysiological mechanisms. The association between each of the 757 plasma metabolites and four modifiable factors was tested in the wisconsin registry for Alzheimer’s prevention cohort of initially cognitively unim paired, asymptomatic middle-aged adults. After Bonferroni correction, the significant plasma metabolites were tested for association with each of the AD endophen...
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - March 25, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
The International Agency for Research on Cancer and e-cigarette carcinogenicity: time for an evaluation
(Source: European Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - March 24, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
Maternal vitamin D levels and male reproductive health: a population-based follow-up study
AbstractMaternal vitamin D levels during pregnancy may be important for reproductive health in male offspring by regulating cell proliferation and differentiation during development. We conducted a follow-up study of 827 young men from the Fetal Programming of Semen Quality (FEPOS) cohort, nested in the Danish National Birth Cohort to investigate if maternal vitamin D levels were associated with measures of reproductive health in adult sons. These included semen characteristics, testes volume, and reproductive hormone levels and were analysed according to maternal vitamin D (25(OH)D3) levels during pregnancy. In addition, ...
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - March 23, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
Risk of cancer after ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction
AbstractAnalyses from administrative databases have suggested an increased cancer incidence among individuals who experienced a myocardial infarction, especially within the first 6 months. It remains unclear to what extent this represents an underlying biological link, or can be explained by detection of pre-symptomatic cancers and shared risk factors.
Cancer incidence among 1809 consecutive patients surviving hospitalization for thrombotic ST-segment-elevation myocard ial infarction (STEMI; mean age 62.6 years; 26% women; 115 incident cancers) was compared to the cancer incidence among 10,052 individuals of the gene...
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - March 22, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
Multi-source data approach for personalized outcome prediction in lung cancer screening: update from the NELSON trial
This study is an extension of the Dutch-Belgian Randomized Lung Cancer Screening Trial, with a focus on personalized outcome prediction (NELSON-POP). New data will be added on genetics, air pollution, malignancy risk for lung nodules, and CT biomarkers beyond lung nodules (emphysema, coronary calcification, bone density, vertebral height and body composition). The roles of polygenic risk scores and air pollution in screen-detected lung cancer diagnosis and survival will be established. The association between the AI-based nodule malignancy score and lung cancer will be evaluated at baseline and incident screening rounds. T...
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - March 21, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
Regression discontinuity design to evaluate the effect of statins on myocardial infarction in electronic health records
AbstractRegression discontinuity design (RDD) is a quasi-experimental method intended for causal inference in observational settings. While RDD is gaining popularity in clinical studies, there are limited real-world studies examining the performance on estimating known trial casual effects. The goal of this paper is to estimate the effect of statins on myocardial infarction (MI) using RDD and compare with propensity score matching and Cox regression. For the RDD, we leveraged a 2008 UK guideline that recommends statins if a patient ’s 10-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk score > 20%. We used UK electronic he...
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - March 20, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
Association between preeclampsia in daughters and risk of cardiovascular disease in parents
AbstractPreeclampsia and cardiovascular disease (CVD) might share heritable underlying mechanisms. We investigated whether preeclampsia in daughters is associated with CVD in parents. In a register-based cohort study, we used Cox regression to compare rates of CVD (ischemic heart disease, ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction) in parents with ≥ 1 daughters who had preeclampsia and parents whose daughters did not have preeclampsia in Denmark, 1978–2018. Our cohort included 1,299,310 parents, of whom 87,251 had ≥ 1 daughters with preeclampsia and 272,936 developed CVD during 20,252,351 years of follow-up (incide...
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - March 15, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
Could interventions on physical activity mitigate genomic liability for obesity? Applying the health disparity framework in genetically informed studies
AbstractPolygenic scores (PGS) are now commonly available in longitudinal cohort studies, leading to their integration into epidemiological research. In this work, our aim is to explore how polygenic scores can be used as exposures in causal inference-based methods, specifically mediation analyses. We propose to estimate the extent to which the association of a polygenic score indexing genetic liability to an outcome could be mitigated by a potential intervention on a mediator. To do this this, we use the interventional disparity measure approach, which allows us to compare the adjusted total effect of an exposure on an ou...
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - March 11, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
