Gains in life expectancy from decreasing cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality – an analysis of 28 european countries 1995–2019
ConclusionThis study underscores the continued existence of an East-West divide in life expectancy across the EU27 + 1, evident on benchmarking the founding vs. A10 countries. In EU founding countries, continuous economic growth alongside improved health care, health promotion and protection policies have contributed to steady declines in mortality from chronic diseases, leading to increases in life expecta ncy. In contrast, less favourable mortality trends in the EU A10 countries indicate greater economic and health care challenges, and a failure to implement effective health policies. (Source: European Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - September 7, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
Conventional and genetic associations of adiposity with 1463 proteins in relatively lean Chinese adults
We examined the associations of adiposity with plasma levels of 1463 proteins in 3977 Chinese adults, using measured and genetically-instrumented BMI. We further used two-sample bi-directional MR analyses to assess if certain proteins influenced adiposity, along with other (e.g. enrichment) analyses to clarify possible mechanisms underlying the observed associations. Overall, the mean (SD) baseline BMI was 23.9 (3.3) kg/m2, with only 6% being obese (i.e. BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). Measured and genetically-instrumented BMI was significantly associated at FDR < 0.05 with levels of 1096 (positive/inverse: 826/270) an...
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - September 7, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
Gains in life expectancy from decreasing cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality – an analysis of 28 european countries 1995–2019
ConclusionThis study underscores the continued existence of an East-West divide in life expectancy across the EU27 + 1, evident on benchmarking the founding vs. A10 countries. In EU founding countries, continuous economic growth alongside improved health care, health promotion and protection policies have contributed to steady declines in mortality from chronic diseases, leading to increases in life expecta ncy. In contrast, less favourable mortality trends in the EU A10 countries indicate greater economic and health care challenges, and a failure to implement effective health policies. (Source: European Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - September 7, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
Conventional and genetic associations of adiposity with 1463 proteins in relatively lean Chinese adults
We examined the associations of adiposity with plasma levels of 1463 proteins in 3977 Chinese adults, using measured and genetically-instrumented BMI. We further used two-sample bi-directional MR analyses to assess if certain proteins influenced adiposity, along with other (e.g. enrichment) analyses to clarify possible mechanisms underlying the observed associations. Overall, the mean (SD) baseline BMI was 23.9 (3.3) kg/m2, with only 6% being obese (i.e. BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). Measured and genetically-instrumented BMI was significantly associated at FDR < 0.05 with levels of 1096 (positive/inverse: 826/270) an...
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - September 7, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
Addressing the longitudinal components of surgical treatments
AbstractDespite their pre- and postoperative components, surgical treatment strategies have typically been cast as point interventions in causal inference research. When longitudinal perioperative components affect outcomes of interest, leaving them unspecified or failing to measure adherence to them complicates the interpretation of effect estimates. Inspired by two recent landmark trials that assessed the risk of stroke or death after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) compared with surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR), the PARTNER 3 trial and the Evolut Low Risk trial, we discuss possible ways that differ...
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - September 4, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
Interpreting epidemiologic studies of colonoscopy screening for colorectal cancer prevention: understanding the mechanisms of action is key
(Source: European Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - September 4, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
Falsification of the instrumental variable conditions in Mendelian randomization studies in the UK Biobank
AbstractMendelian randomization (MR) is an increasingly popular approach to estimating causal effects. Although the assumptions underlying MR cannot be verified, they imply certain constraints, the instrumental inequalities, which can be used to falsify the MR conditions. However, the instrumental inequalities are rarely applied in MR. We aimed to explore whether the instrumental inequalities could detect violations of the MR conditions in case studies analyzing the effect of commonly studied exposures on coronary artery disease risk.Using 1077 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), we applied the instrumental inequalitie...
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - September 1, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
Interpreting epidemiologic studies of colonoscopy screening for colorectal cancer prevention: understanding the mechanisms of action is key
(Source: European Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - September 1, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
From complexity to clarity: how directed acyclic graphs enhance the study design of systematic reviews and meta-analyses
AbstractWhile frameworks to systematically assess bias in systematic reviews and meta-analyses (SRMAs) and frameworks on causal inference are well established, they are less frequently integrated beyond the data analysis stages. This paper proposes the use of Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) in the design stage of SRMAs. We hypothesize that DAGs created and registered a priori can offer a useful approach to more effective and efficient evidence synthesis. DAGs provide a visual representation of the complex assumed relationships between variables within and beyond individual studies prior to data analysis, facilitating discus...
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - August 31, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
The pregnancy research on inflammation, nutrition, & amp; city environment: systematic analyses study (PRINCESA) cohort, 2009 –2015
AbstractThe Pregnancy Research on Inflammation, Nutrition,& City Environment: Systematic Analyses Study (PRINCESA) cohort was set up to evaluate associations between air pollution and birth outcomes among pregnant persons in Mexico City. Specifically, the study was designed to improve air pollution exposure assessment and elucidate biological mechanisms underlying associations between maternal exposures and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Pregnant persons (all women) (N = 935) between ages 18–45 who lived and/or worked in metropolitan Mexico City, Mexico, from 2009 to 2015 and liveborn singleton infants (N = 815...
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - August 29, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
Prevalence of incidental colorectal cancer and polyps in autopsies of different populations: a systematic review with meta-regression analysis
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of incidental CRC (iCRC) and polyps in autopsies of different populations. A systematic search was performed on 19 August 2022 to identify autopsy studies that provided data on prevalence of iCRC, adenomatous polyps, hyperplastic polyps, and/or all polyps combined. The prevalence was pooled with the random-effects model. Subgroup and multivariable meta-regression analyses were conducted to investigate the heterogeneity. Forty-three eligible studies including 59,656 autopsies were identified, with 94% conducted before 1990 when CRC screening was uncommon or not available. The p...
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - August 27, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
Association between cancer and dementia risk in the UK Biobank: evidence of diagnostic bias
AbstractEpidemiological studies have identified an inverse association between cancer and dementia. Underlying methodological biases have been postulated, yet no studies have systematically investigated the potential for each source of bias within a single dataset. We used the UK Biobank to compare estimates for the cancer-dementia association using different analytical specifications designed to sequentially address multiple sources of bias, including competing risk of death, selective survival, confounding bias, and diagnostic bias. We included 140,959 UK Biobank participants aged ≥ 55 without dementia before enro...
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - August 27, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
