Vitamin D status during pregnancy: a role in intergenerational reproductive health?
(Source: European Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - April 25, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Diabetes mellitus, prediabetes and the risk of Parkinson ’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 15 cohort studies with 29.9 million participants and 86,345 cases
AbstractA diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and prediabetes has been associated with increased risk of Parkinson ’s disease (PD) in several studies, but results have not been entirely consistent. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies on diabetes mellitus, prediabetes and the risk of PD to provide an up-to-date assessment of the evidence. PubMed and Embase databases were searche d for relevant studies up to 6th of February 2022. Cohort studies reporting adjusted relative risk (RR) estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between diabetes, prediabetes and Parkinson’s di...
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - April 25, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

The underwhelming German life expectancy
This article contributes to the discussion on the determinants of diverging life expectancy in high-income countries, with a focus on Germany. To date, much of this discourse has centered around the social determinants of health, issues of healthcare equity, poverty and income inequality, and new epidemics of opioids and violence. Yet despite doing well on all of these metrics and having numerous advantages such as comparatively strong economic performance, generous social security, and an equitable and well-resourced health care system, Germany has been a long-time life expectancy laggard among the high-income countries. ...
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - April 25, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Vitamin D status during pregnancy: a role in intergenerational reproductive health?
(Source: European Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - April 25, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Estimated preventable COVID-19-associated deaths due to non-vaccination in the United States
AbstractWhile some studies have previously estimated lives saved by COVID-19 vaccination, we estimate how many deaths could have been averted by vaccination in the US but were not because of a failure to vaccinate. We used a simple method based on a nationally representative dataset to estimate the preventable deaths among unvaccinated individuals in the US from May 30, 2021 to September 3, 2022 adjusted for the effects of age and time. We estimated that at least 232,000 deaths could have been prevented among unvaccinated adults during the 15  months had they been vaccinated with at least a primary series. While uncertain...
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - April 24, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

What is the role of puberty in the development of islet autoimmunity and progression to type 1 diabetes?
In conclusion, puberty may affect the risk of progression but is not a risk fac tor for IA. (Source: European Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - April 20, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Adherence to a  healthy lifestyle and brain structural imaging markers
We examined the association of adherence to a healthy lifestyle with a panel of brain structural markers among 2,413 participants in PolyvasculaR Evaluation for Cognitive Impairment and vaScular Events (PRECISE) study in China and 19,822 participants in UK Biobank (UKB). A healthy lifestyle score (0 –5) was constructed based on five modifiable lifestyle factors: diet, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and body mass index. Validated multimodal neuroimaging markers were derived from brain magnetic resonance imaging. In the cross-sectional analysis of PRECISE, participants who ado pted four or five low-risk l...
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - April 15, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Repurposing antidiabetic drugs for rheumatoid arthritis: results from a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
In conclusion, genetic variation in the thiazolidinedione target is associated with a lower RA risk. The underlying mechanisms warrant further exploration. (Source: European Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - April 13, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Inferring fetal growth restriction as rare, severe, and stable over time
AbstractReduced birthweight is a marker of pathologies that impair growth and also decrease survival. However, “fetal growth restriction” remains poorly defined. Assuming that birthweight itself has no causal effect on neonatal mortality, we can estimate the features of pathological fetal growth that would be required to produce the observed pattern of weight-specific mortality. Under the simplest possib le scenario, we find that at 39–41 weeks, pathological fetal growth restriction affects only about 0.5% of U.S. births, with a neonatal mortality risk up to 220-fold. This surprising concentration of pathology among ...
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - April 13, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Repurposing antidiabetic drugs for rheumatoid arthritis: results from a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
In conclusion, genetic variation in the thiazolidinedione target is associated with a lower RA risk. The underlying mechanisms warrant further exploration. (Source: European Journal of Epidemiology)
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - April 13, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Inferring fetal growth restriction as rare, severe, and stable over time
AbstractReduced birthweight is a marker of pathologies that impair growth and also decrease survival. However, “fetal growth restriction” remains poorly defined. Assuming that birthweight itself has no causal effect on neonatal mortality, we can estimate the features of pathological fetal growth that would be required to produce the observed pattern of weight-specific mortality. Under the simplest possib le scenario, we find that at 39–41 weeks, pathological fetal growth restriction affects only about 0.5% of U.S. births, with a neonatal mortality risk up to 220-fold. This surprising concentration of pathology among ...
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - April 13, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Target parameters and bias in non-causal change-score analyses with measurement errors
AbstractIn studies where the outcome is a change-score, it is often debated whether or not the analysis should adjust for the baseline score. When the aim is to make causal inference, it has been argued that the two analyses (adjusted vs. unadjusted) target different causal parameters, which may both be relevant. However, these arguments are not applicable when the aim is to make predictions rather than to estimate causal effects. When the scores are measured with error, there have been attempts to quantify the bias resulting from adjustment for the (mis-)measured baseline score or lack thereof. However, these bias results...
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - April 12, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research