The Rare Bone Disease TeleECHO Program: Leveraging Telehealth to Improve Rare Bone Disease Care
AbstractPurpose of ReviewRare bone diseases constitute ~ 5% of all known rare diseases and can require complex, multidisciplinary care. Advancing access to current medical knowledge is an important strategy for improving care for rare bone diseases throughout the world. To support this goal, the Rare Bone Disease Alliance launched the Rare Bone Disease TeleECHO in 2019.Recent FindingsThe Rare Bone Disease TeleECHO is a monthly video teleconference that fosters a collegial community of practice and opportunities for active learning through interactive case-based learning. TeleECHO relies on a hub-and-spoke model, where m...
Source: Current Osteoporosis Reports - June 7, 2020 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research
Myokines and Osteokines in the Pathogenesis of Muscle and Bone Diseases
AbstractPurpose of ReviewIn this review we aim to summarize the latest findings on the network of molecules produced by muscle and bone under physiological and pathological conditions.Recent FindingsThe concomitant onset of osteoporosis and sarcopenia is currently one of the main threats that can increase the risk of falling fractures during aging, generating high health care costs due to hospitalization for bone fracture surgery. With the growing emergence of developing innovative therapies to treat these two age-related conditions that often have common onset, a broader understanding of molecular messengers regulating th...
Source: Current Osteoporosis Reports - June 7, 2020 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research
Update on the Acute Effects of Glucose, Insulin, and Incretins on Bone Turnover In Vivo
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo provide an update on the acute effects of glucose, insulin, and incretins on markers of bone turnover in those with and without diabetes.Recent FindingsBone resorption is suppressed acutely in response to glucose and insulin challenges in both healthy subjects and patients with diabetes. The suppression is stronger with oral glucose compared with intravenous delivery. Stronger responses with oral glucose may be related to incretin effects on insulin secretion or from a direct effect on bone turnover. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) infusion ...
Source: Current Osteoporosis Reports - June 4, 2020 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research
Potential Importance of Immune System Response to Exercise on Aging Muscle and Bone
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe age-related loss of skeletal muscle and bone tissue decreases functionality and increases the risk for falls and injuries. One contributing factor of muscle and bone loss over time is chronic low-grade inflammation. Exercise training is an effective countermeasure for decreasing the loss of muscle and bone tissue, possibly by enhancing immune system response. Herein, we discuss key interactions between the immune system, muscle, and bone in relation to exercise perturbations, and we identify that there is substantial “cross-talk” between muscle and bone and the immune system in response to ...
Source: Current Osteoporosis Reports - June 3, 2020 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research
Correction to: New Developments in Fracture Risk Assessment
The article, “New Developments in Fracture Risk Assessment for Current Osteoporosis Reports. (Source: Current Osteoporosis Reports)
Source: Current Osteoporosis Reports - May 20, 2020 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research
The Actions of IGF-1 in the Growth Plate and Its Role in Postnatal Bone Elongation
AbstractPurpose of ReviewBone elongation is a complex process driven by multiple intrinsic (hormones, growth factors) and extrinsic (nutrition, environment) variables. Bones grow in length by endochondral ossification in cartilaginous growth plates at ends of developing long bones. This review provides an updated overview of the important factors that influence this process.Recent FindingsInsulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is the major hormone required for growth and a drug for treating pediatric skeletal disorders. Temperature is an underrecognized environmental variable that also impacts linear growth. This paper revie...
Source: Current Osteoporosis Reports - May 14, 2020 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research
Delivery of RNAi-Based Therapeutics for Bone Regeneration
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe clinical significance, target pathways, recent successes, and challenges that preclude translation of RNAi bone regenerative approaches are overviewed.Recent FindingsRNA interference (RNAi) is a promising new therapeutic approach for bone regeneration by stimulating or inhibiting critical signaling pathways. However, RNAi suffers from significant delivery challenges. These challenges include avoiding nuclease degradation, achieving bone tissue targeting, and reaching the cytoplasm for mRNA inhibition. Many drug delivery systems have overcome stability and intracellular localization challenges b...
Source: Current Osteoporosis Reports - May 10, 2020 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research
Modelling Human Locomotion to Inform Exercise Prescription for Osteoporosis
AbstractPurpose of ReviewWe review the literature on hip fracture mechanics and models of hip strain during exercise to postulate the exercise regimen for best promoting hip strength.Recent FindingsThe superior neck is a common location for hip fracture and a relevant exercise target for osteoporosis. Current modelling studies showed that fast walking and stair ambulation, but not necessarily running, optimally load the femoral neck and therefore theoretically would mitigate the natural age-related bone decline, being easily integrated into routine daily activity. High intensity jumps and hopping have been shown to promote...
Source: Current Osteoporosis Reports - April 24, 2020 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research
Epidemiology, Clinical Assessments, and Current Treatments of Nonunions
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe failure of bony union following a fracture, termed a fracture nonunion, has severe patient morbidity and economic consequences. This review describes current consensuses and future directions of investigation for determining why, detecting when, and effective treatment if this complication occurs.Recent FindingsCurrent nonunion investigation is emphasizing an expanded understanding of the biology of healing. This has led to assessments of the immune environment, multiple cytokines and morphogenetic factors, and the role of skeletogenic stem cells in the development of nonunion. Detecting biolog...
Source: Current Osteoporosis Reports - April 20, 2020 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research
New Developments in Fracture Risk Assessment for Current Osteoporosis Reports
AbstractPurpose of ReviewIdentifying individuals at high fracture risk can be used to target those likely to derive the greatest benefit from treatment. This narrative review examines recent developments in using specific risk factors used to assess fracture risk, with a focus on publications in the last 3 years.Recent FindingsThere is expanding evidence for the recognition of individual clinical risk factors and clinical use of composite scores in the general population. Unfortunately, enthusiasm is dampened by three pragmatic randomized trials that raise questions about the effectiveness of widespread population screen...
Source: Current Osteoporosis Reports - April 12, 2020 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research
Are Probiotics the New Calcium and Vitamin D for Bone Health?
AbstractPurpose of ReviewCalcium and vitamin D supplementation is recommended for patients at high risk of fracture and/or for those receiving pharmacological osteoporosis treatments. Probiotics are micro-organisms conferring a health benefit on the host when administered in adequate amounts, likely by influencing gut microbiota (GM) composition and/or function. GM has been shown to influence various determinants of bone health.Recent FindingsIn animal models, probiotics prevent bone loss associated with estrogen deficiency, diabetes, or glucocorticoid treatments, by modulating both bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone ...
Source: Current Osteoporosis Reports - April 12, 2020 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research
Exercise and Nutritional Approaches to Combat Cancer-Related Bone and Muscle Loss
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe aim of this narrative review is to summarise recent literature on the effects of exercise and nutrition interventions alone or in combination on muscle and bone loss in people with cancer.Recent FindingsThere is emerging evidence to support the inclusion of targeted exercise and nutrition strategies to counter loss of muscle and bone associated with cancer treatments. Although research in this field is advancing, the optimal exercise and nutrition prescription to combat cancer-related bone and muscle loss remain unknown.SummaryThis review identifies specific components of nutrition and exercise...
Source: Current Osteoporosis Reports - April 7, 2020 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research
The Skeletal Consequences of Bariatric Surgery
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review outlines the recent findings regarding the impact of bariatric surgery on bone. It explores potential mechanisms for skeletal changes following bariatric surgery and strategies for management.Recent FindingsBone loss following bariatric surgery is multifactorial. Probable mechanisms include skeletal unloading, abnormalities in calciotropic hormones, and changes in gut hormones. Skeletal changes that occur after bariatric surgery are specific to procedure type and persist for several years post-operatively. Studies suggest that while bone loss begins early, fracture risk may be increased...
Source: Current Osteoporosis Reports - April 5, 2020 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research
Exercise and Peak Bone Mass
AbstractPurpose of reviewThe main goal of this narrative review is to assess whether physical activity (PA) influences peak bone mass and fracture risk.Recent findingsSeveral randomized controlled trials (RCT) show that short-term PA intervention programs in childhood improve the accrual of bone mineral. There are now also long-term controlled PA intervention studies demonstrating that both boys and girls with daily school PA through puberty gain higher bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) and greater bone size than boys and girls with school PA 1 –2 times/week. These benefits seem to be followed by ...
Source: Current Osteoporosis Reports - April 5, 2020 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research
The Effect of Opiates on Bone Formation and Bone Healing
AbstractPurpose of ReviewOpioids have been shown to be associated with an increased risk of fracture. The purpose of this paper is to review recent research into the effects of opioids on bone formation and bone healing in animal models and in human studies.Recent FindingsMost opioids, such as morphine and fentanyl, negatively affected bone remodeling and bone healing in animal models. Conversely, remifentanil has been recently shown to promote in vitro osteoblast differentiation and to inhibit differentiation and maturation of osteoclasts, therefore reducing bone resorption. According to the possible negative role of opio...
Source: Current Osteoporosis Reports - April 5, 2020 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research
