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Dietary Insights in Neurological Diseases
This article describes the most common and impactful dietary regimens for commonly encountered neurological disorders.Recent FindingsPlant-based, low-fat, high-fiber diets, rich in antioxidants and other lifestyle interventions may reduce the burden and disability of common neurological disorders. The ketogenic diet, the diet of choice for the treatment of refractory epilepsy, is such an example.SummaryDiverse neurological disorders demonstrate several common pathophysiological mechanisms including increased oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and disrupted metabolism. Dietary interventions can potentially influence these...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - September 29, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

The Ties that Bind: Agnosia, Neglect and Selective Attention to Visual Scale
AbstractPurpose of ReviewHistorical and contemporary treatments of visual agnosia and neglect regard these disorders as largely unrelated. It is thought that damage to different neural processes leads directly to one or the other condition, yet apperceptive variants of agnosia and object-centered variants of neglect share remarkably similar deficits in the quality of conscious experience. Here we argue for a closer association between “apperceptive” variants of visual agnosia and “object-centered” variants of visual neglect. We introduce a theoretical framework for understanding these conditions based on “scale a...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - September 29, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Molecular Imaging of the Cholinergic System in Alzheimer and Lewy Body Dementias: Expanding Views
AbstractPurpose of ReviewBrain cholinergic denervation is a major feature of Alzheimer ’s disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). We reviewed the topography assessed by a cholinergic molecular imaging study in these two major types of dementia. A small meta-analysis directly comparing vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) PET scans of AD vs. DLB patients is presented .Recent FindingsVAChT PET studies showed evidence of extensive cortical cholinergic denervation in both forms of dementia, while multiple subcortical structures were also in DLB. Novel analysis revealed evidence of metathalamic denervation in...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - September 20, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Medical and Neurological Management of Brain Tumor Complications
This article reviews the medical and neurological conditions that commonly complicate the disease course of brain tumors patients.Recent FindingsVarious mechanisms have been newly identified to be involved in the pathophysiology of seizures and brain edema and can help advance the treatment of such complications. There have also been new developments in the management of thromboembolic disease and cognitive impairment.SummaryMedical and neurological complications are being identified more often in brain tumor patients with the improved survival provided by therapeutic advances. Early and proper identification and managemen...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - September 20, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Cerebrovascular Complications of Anemia
AbstractPurpose of the ReviewAnemia has been called the fifth cardiovascular risk factor. It is one of the most prevalent pathologies worldwide. In this article, we aimed to perform a narrative review of the main cerebrovascular complications of anemia and its influence on stroke prognosis.Recent FindingsBoth hypoproliferative anemia (thalassemia, iron deficiency anemia, etc.) and hyperproliferative anemia (sickle cell disease, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, hereditary spherocytosis, etc.) are associated to cerebrovascular disease ranging from transient ischemic attack to ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke with b...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - September 3, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Review of the Pathophysiology and Management Strategies
AbstractPurpose of ReviewAneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage remains a devastating disease process despite medical advances made over the past 3 decades. Much of the focus was on prevention and treatment of vasospasm to reduce delayed cerebral ischemia and improve outcome. In recent years, there has been a shift of focus onto early brain injury as the precursor to delayed cerebral ischemia. This review will focus on the most recent data surrounding the pathophysiology of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and current management strategies.Recent FindingsThere is a paucity of successful trials in the management of subarachno...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - July 26, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Improving Diagnostic Workup Following Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: Advances in Biomarkers
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTraumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a life-changing event with drastic implications for patients due to sensorimotor impairment and autonomous dysfunction. Current clinical evaluations focus on the assessment of injury level and severity using standardized neurological examinations. However, they fail to predict individual trajectories of recovery, which highlights the need for the development of advanced diagnostics. This narrative review identifies recent advances in the search of clinically relevant biomarkers in the field of SCI.Recent FindingsAdvanced neuroimaging and molecular biomarkers se...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - July 15, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Tremor in Primary Monogenic Dystonia
This article reviews research articles reporting tremor in primary monogenic dystonia.Recent FindingsWe searched the MDS gene data and selected all research articles reporting tremor in primary monogenic dystonia. Tremor was reported in nine dystonia genes, namelyDYT-HPCA,DYT-ANO3,DYT-KCTD17,DYT-THAP1,DYT-PRKRA,DYT-GNAL,DYT-TOR1A,DYT-KMT2B, andDYT-SGCE in the descending order of its frequency. HPCA gene mutation is rare, but all reported patients had tremor. Similarly, tremor was reported in eight genes associated with dystonia parkinsonism, namelyDYT-SLC6A3,DYT-TH,DYT-SPR,DYT-PTS,DYT-GCH1,DYT-TAF1,DYT-QDPR, andDYT-SCL30A1...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - July 15, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Civilian Firearm-Inflicted Brain Injury: Coagulopathy, Vascular Injuries, and Triage
AbstractPurpose of ReviewCivilian firearm-inflicted penetrating brain injury (PBI) carries high morbidity and mortality. Concurrently, the evidence base guiding management decisions remains limited. Faced with large volume of PBI patients, we have made observations in relation to coagulopathy and cerebrovascular injuries. We here review this literature in addition to the question about early prognostication as it may inform neurosurgical decision-making.Recent FindingsThe triad of coagulopathy, low motor score, and radiographic compression of basal cisterns comprises a phenotype of injury with exceedingly high mortality. P...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - July 10, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

A Lifecourse Perspective on Female Sex-Specific Risk Factors for Later Life Cognition
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe prevalence of Alzheimer ’s disease and related dementias is greater in women compared to men. We provide a review of female sex-specific risk factors across the lifecourse for cognition in older adulthood, highlighting areas that need further study.Recent FindingsPregnancy may affect late-life cognition, with adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline but parity providing a protective effect. Cumulative estrogen exposure, influenced by age of menarche, menopause, and exogenous estrogen use, may modify a woman ’s risk for dementia. Menopause transition-...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - July 6, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

The More, the Better: High-Dose Omega-3 Fatty Acids Improve Behavioural and Molecular Outcomes in Preclinical Models in Mild Brain Injury
AbstractPurpose of ReviewMild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a continuing healthcare concern worldwide contributing to significant cognitive and neurological impairment, consequently affecting activities of daily living. While mTBI recovery is becoming well studied, there are no interventions to reduce the known impairments of mTBI. Omega-3 fatty acids (N-3FA) are safe and beneficial for brain health; however, their potential effects in a pathophysiological environment such as that seen post-mTBI are unknown.Recent FindingsPreclinical studies using rodent models are key to understanding molecular mechanisms underlying im...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - July 6, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

The Neurological Manifestations of Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection
AbstractPurpose of ReviewCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a global health challenge. This review aims to summarize the incidence, risk factors, possible pathophysiology, and proposed management of neurological manifestations of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) or neuro-PASC based on the published literature.Recent FindingsThe National Institutes of Health has noted that PASC is a multi-organ disorder ranging from mild symptoms to an incapacitating state that can last for weeks or longer following recovery from initial infec...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - June 28, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Correction to: Neurologic Complications of Poverty: the Associations between Poverty as a Social Determinant of Health and Adverse Neurologic Outcomes
A Correction to this paper has been published:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11910-021-01129-8 (Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports)
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - June 24, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Debunking Myths: Sinus Headache
AbstractPurpose of ReviewAlthough sinus headache has been extensively reviewed and described, misdiagnosis remains common. This paper discusses the myths and truths about sinus headaches.Recent FindingsSinus headache is used colloquially to attribute facial pain to allergies or a sinus infection; however, most sinus headaches are migraine. Sinus-region pain from sinusitis and migraine share the same origins in the trigeminovascular system, but their causes are very different. After reviewing sinus anatomy and sinogenic pain, we provide information to assist clinicians in correctly diagnosing patients with the additional go...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - June 20, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research