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Big data and predictive analytics in neurocritical care
We describe information management in neurocritical care units including data acquisition, wrangling, analysis, and visualization. (Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports)
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - January 26, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Evaluation and Treatment of Seizures and Epilepsy During the COVID-19 Pandemic
This article reviews the data for clinical and electrographic seizures associated with COVID-19, technical EEG considerations for reducing risk of transmission, and factors contributing to seizure exacerbations in PWE as well as strategies to address this issue.Recent FindingsAn increasing number of studies of larger cohorts, accounting for a variety of variables and often utilizing EEG with standardized terminology, are assessing the prevalence of seizures in hospitalized patients with acute COVID-19 infections, and gaining insight into the prevalence of seizures and their effect on outcomes. Additionally, recent studies ...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - January 26, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

The Role of HMGB1 in Traumatic Brain Injury —Bridging the Gap Between the Laboratory and Clinical Studies
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is amongst the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. However, several pharmacological strategies in the clinical setting remain unsuccessful. Mounting evidence implicates High Mobility Group Box protein 1 (HMGB1) as a unique alternative target following brain injury. Herein, we discuss current understanding of HMGB1 in TBI and obstacles to clinical translation.Recent FindingsHMGB1 plays a pivotal role as a ‘master-switch’ of neuro-inflammation following injury and in the regulation of neurogenesis during normal development. Animal models point towards...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - December 6, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

The Molecular Neuroimaging of Tremor
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTremor is a hyperkinetic movement disorder most commonly encountered in essential tremor (ET) and Parkinson ’s disease (PD). The purpose of this review is to summarize molecular neuroimaging studies with major implications on pathophysiological and clinical features of tremor.Recent FindingsOscillatory brain activity responsible for tremor manifestation is thought to originate in a cerebello-thalamo-cortical network. Molecular neuroimaging has helped clarify metabolic aspects and neurotransmitter influences on the main tremor network. In ET, recent positron emission tomography (PET) studies are b...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - November 24, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Diagnostic Delay in Epilepsy: the Scope of the Problem
AbstractPurpose of ReviewDiagnostic delay is an increasingly recognized issue in epilepsy. At the same time, there is a clear disparity between public awareness of epilepsy and that of other public health issues. A contributing factor for this seems to be a lack of studies testing interventions designed to improve seizure recognition. In this review, we summarize the main findings from recent studies investigating diagnostic delay in epilepsy, highlighting causes, consequences, and potential interventions in future research that may improve quality of care in this population.Recent FindingsBuilding on prior evidence, diagn...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - November 24, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Rare and Complex Epilepsies from Childhood to Adulthood: Requirements for Separate Management or Scope for a Lifespan Holistic Approach?
AbstractPurposeIn this descriptive review, we describe current models of transition in rare and complex epilepsy syndromes and propose alternative approaches for more holistic management based on disease biology.Recent FindingsPreviously published guidance and recommendations on transition strategies in individuals with epilepsy have not been systematically and uniformly applied. There is significant heterogeneity in models of transition/transfer of care across countries and even within the same country.SummaryWe provide examples of the most severe epilepsy and related syndromes and emphasise the limited data on their outc...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - November 24, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Clinical Assessment of Concussion and Persistent Post-Concussive Symptoms for Neurologists
AbstractPurpose of ReviewConcussion produces a variety of signs and symptoms. Most patients recover within 2 –4 weeks, but a significant minority experiences persistent post-concussive symptoms (PPCS), some of which may be from associated cervical or persistent neurologic sub-system (e.g., vestibular) dysfunction. This review provides evidence-based information for a pertinent history and physical exami nation of patients with concussion.Recent FindingsThe differential diagnosis of PPCS is based on the mechanism of injury, a thorough medical history and concussion-pertinent neurological and cervical physical examination...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - November 24, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Subcortical Aphasia
AbstractPurpose of ReviewSubcortical structures have long been thought to play a role in language processing. Increasingly spirited debates on language studies, arising from as early as the nineteenth century, grew remarkably sophisticated as the years pass. In the context of non-thalamic aphasia, a few theoretical frameworks have been laid out. The disconnection hypothesis postulates that basal ganglia insults result in aphasia due to a rupture of connectivity between Broca and Wernicke ’s areas. A second viewpoint conjectures that the basal ganglia would more directly partake in language processing, and a third stream ...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - November 24, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Neurologic Complications of Cancer Therapies
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo review the neurologic complications of systemic anti-cancer therapies and radiation therapy.Recent FindingsAlthough many of the newer systemic therapies have more favorable side effect profiles than traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy, neurotoxicity has been seen with some of newer targeted therapies, immunotherapy, and T cell engaging therapies, including CAR-T therapy. The most recent advances in radiation-induced neurotoxicity have focused on the prevention and the management of cognitive dysfunction, a known long-term complication of brain irradiation.SummaryCancer therapies can damage both t...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - November 24, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Management of Concussion and Persistent Post-Concussive Symptoms for Neurologists
AbstractPurpose of ReviewConcussion is a complex injury that may present as a variety of clinical profiles, which can overlap and reinforce one another. This review summarizes the medical management of patients with concussion and persistent post-concussive symptoms (PPCS).Recent FindingsManagement of concussion and PPCS relies on identifying underlying symptom generators. Treatment options include sub-symptom threshold aerobic exercise, cervical physical therapy, vestibular therapy, vision therapy, cognitive rehabilitation, cognitive behavioral therapy, pharmacological management, or a combination of treatments.SummaryEvi...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - November 24, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

The Evolving Classification of Diffuse Gliomas: World Health Organization Updates for 2021
This article reviews these changes and the clinical and molecular findings underlying them.Recent FindingsSince the publication of the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System, research has led to new insights into how molecular changes impact both the classification and grading of CNS tumors. The continued integration of molecular and histopathological features has led to changes in diagnostic criteria and grading for various tumors. In the new 2021 WHO CNS tumor classification scheme, diffuse gliomas will be classified as either adult-type diffuse gliomas, pediatric-typ...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - November 24, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research