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Cranioplasty Following Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Role in Neurorecovery
This article reviews recent studies on the effect of cranioplasty on neurological recovery in severe TBI.Recent FindingsRecent findings suggested that cranioplasty has the potential to enhance neurological recovery after severe TBI. Cranioplasty may alleviate cognitive and functional deficits by reinstating the regular cerebrospinal fluid dynamics and improving brain perfusion. Analyses on the effects of cranioplasty timing on neurological recovery likely favor early cranioplasty. Also, materials used during cranioplasty, autologous and exogenous, were suggested to have similar effects in recovery.SummaryAlthough neurologi...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - October 21, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

COVID-19 and Aphasia
AbstractPurpose of Review Aphasia is an acquired neurological language disorder after brain damages. Persons with aphasia (PWA) are more susceptible to behavioral and emotional implications due to inherent communication and/or cognitive difficulties. Currently, little is known regarding the impact of COVID-19 on PWA.Recent FindingsThere are now growing reports with evidence of neurological and dysexecutive syndromes subsequent to interference of brain functions in acute patients with COVID-19, leading to variable aphasia-like symptoms. COVID-19 affected chronic PWA more in terms of disrupted communication and daily rout...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - October 21, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Aphasia in Multilingual Patients
AbstractPurpose of ReviewWe summarize recent published work concerning assessment and treatment of aphasia in bilingual and multilingual people and review current related models of treatment outcomes. As well, we discuss studies that address the recently debated topic of cognitive processes in bilingual individuals with aphasia, with a focus on the effects of bilingualism on aphasia recovery and its potential protective effects.Recent FindingsProviding assessment and treatment tools that best serve multilingual individuals with aphasia and unpacking the variables and mechanisms that underlie response to treatment have emer...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - October 21, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Neurological Complications of Pulmonary Embolism: a Literature Review
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe present review discusses in-depth about neurological complications following acute venous thromboembolism (VTE).Recent FindingsIntracranial hemorrhage, acute ischemic cerebrovascular events, and VTE in brain tumors are described as central nervous system (CNS) complications of PE, while peripheral neuropathy and neuropathic pain are reported as peripheral nervous system (PNS) sequelae of PE. Syncope and seizure are illustrated as atypical neurological presentations of PE.SummaryMounting evidence suggests higher risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with neurological diseases, but dat...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - October 20, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Color Vision Deficits
AbstractPurpose of ReviewColor provides important information about the identity of the objects we encounter. After early processing stages in the retinal cones, thalamus, and occipital cortex, retinal signals reach the ventral temporal cortex for high-level color and object processing, which links color perception with top-down expectations and knowledge. In the language-dominant hemisphere, some of these regions communicate with the language systems; by assigning verbal labels to percepts, these circuits speed up stimulus categorization, and permit fast and accurate inter-individual communication. This paper provides a r...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - October 4, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Current Understanding of the Pathophysiology and Approach to Tension-Type Headache
AbstractPurpose of ReviewDescription of headache dates back thousands of years, and to date, tension-type headache (TTH) remains the most common form of headache. We will review the history and current understanding of the pathophysiology of TTH and discuss the recommended clinical evaluation and management for this syndrome.Recent FindingsDespite being the most prevalent headache disorder, TTH pathophysiology remains poorly understood. Patients with TTH tend to have muscles that are harder, more tender to palpation, and may have more frequent trigger points of tenderness than patients without headache. However, cause and ...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - October 2, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Management of Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Update and Future Therapies
AbstractPurpose of ReviewIntracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) represents about 15% of all strokes in the USA, but almost 50% of fatal strokes. There are many causes of ICH, but the most common are hypertension and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. This review will discuss new advances in the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage.Recent FindingsThe treatment of ICH focuses on management of edema, aggressive blood pressure reduction, and correction of coagulopathy. Early initiation of supportive medical therapies, including blood pressure management, in a neurological intensive care unit reduces mortality, but at present there is no de...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - October 2, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research