Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports 
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This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.Neurological Complications of Dengue Fever
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo discuss the neurological complications of dengue virus (DENV) infection and their pathogenesis.Recent FindingsInclude recognition of the four different serotypes of DENV and their epidemiology as well as recognition of the expanded dengue syndrome encompassing multisystem involvement in the severe form of the disease including involvement of the central nervous system (CNS). DENV is a neurotropic virus with the ability to infect the supporting cells of the CNS. Neural injury during the acute stage of the infection results from direct neuro-invasion and/or the phenomenon of antibody-dependent enh...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - June 21, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Neurological Manifestations of Scrub Typhus
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe occurrence of cases of scrub typhus is on the rise in South Asian and Southeast Asian countries. The present review discusses neurological complications following scrub typhus to appraise clinicians practicing in endemic regions about considering this treatable disease in the differential diagnosis of acute febrile illnesses, especially when accompanied with clinical neurological features.Recent FindingsWhile the association of aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, and meningoencephalitis with scrub typhus is well known, more recently described neurological syndromes associated with scrub typhus in...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - June 21, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Suicide and Epilepsy
This article reviews the recent literature on suicide risk factors, assessments, and management as they pertain specifically to suicidality in people with epilepsy, a population that requires unique considerations.Recent FindingsRisk factors for suicidality include younger age (independent of comorbid psychiatric disorders), poor social support, psychiatric comorbidity (depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and alcohol use), and epilepsy-related factors (more frequent seizures, temporal lobe epilepsy, and drug-resistant epilepsy). Most clinicians agree with the need for addressing suicidality; however, there ...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - June 17, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Surgical Treatment of Drug-Resistant Generalized Epilepsy
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo summarize current evidence and recent developments in the surgical treatment of drug-resistant generalized epilepsy.Recent FindingsCurrent surgical treatments of drug-resistant generalized epilepsy include vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), deep brain stimulation (DBS) and corpus callosotomy (CC). Neurostimulation with VNS and/or DBS has been shown to be effective in reducing seizure frequency in patients with generalized epilepsy. DBS for generalized epilepsy is primarily consisted of open-loop stimulation directed at the centromedian (CM) nucleus in the thalamus, though closed-loop stimulation and...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - June 17, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Moving the Dial Toward Equity in Parkinson ’s Disease Clinical Research: a Review of Current Literature and Future Directions in Diversifying PD Clinical Trial Participation
AbstractPurpose of ReviewParkinson ’s disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disease, has a worldwide prevalence projected at 12 million by 2040. While PD has been extensively researched, our understanding of the disease is based on research studies that include mostly participants of European descent. The lack of d iversity in clinical trial enrollment has limited the generalizability of scientific discoveries in the field. Here, we discuss contributors to racial and ethnic disparities in PD clinical research enrollment, summarize recently proposed and tested interventions, and propose next steps to incr...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - June 17, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Restless Sleep Disorder (RSD): a New Sleep Disorder in Children. A Rapid Review
AbstractPurpose of ReviewRestless sleep disorder (RSD) is a recently identified pediatric sleep disorder characterized by frequent movements during sleep associated with daytime symptoms. In this review we summarize the expanding evidence of the clinical presentation of RSD, potential pathophysiology, associated comorbidities, and current treatment options that will help the pediatrician identify children with RSD in a timely manner.Recent FindingsRSD is diagnosed in 7.7% of children referred evaluated in a pediatric sleep center. Children with RSD present with frequent nightly movements during sleep for at least 3 month...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - June 14, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
The History of Diagnosis and Treatment of MS: a Brief Overview
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis overview of the history of diagnosis and treatment of multiple sclerosis serves as an introduction to the rich history of multiple sclerosis, and shows we are on a continuum of incremental advances that date back centuries.Recent FindingsThe current understanding of MS demonstrates a dramatic series of advances and this brief historical overview will provide some context for these discoveries.SummaryAlthough cases we would now recognize as multiple sclerosis can be found in older literature and diaries, the contribution of Jean-Martin Charcot at the Salp êtrière in Paris in 1868 was to frame...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - June 14, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Neurological Complications of Malaria
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo discuss the neurological complications and pathophysiology of organ damage following malaria infection.Recent FindingsThe principal advancement made in malaria research has been a better understanding of the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria (CM), the most dreaded neurological complication generally caused byPlasmodium falciparum infection. However, no definitive treatment has yet been evolved other than the use of antimalarial drugs and supportive care. The development of severe cerebral edema in CM results from two distinct pathophysiologic mechanisms. First, the development of “sticky” red...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - June 14, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Multiple Sclerosis Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic
AbstractPurpose of ReviewCOVID-19 has posed a continuously evolving challenge for providers caring for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). While guidelines from national and international organizations came quickly, these have required constant reassessment and modification as the pandemic has progressed. This review aims to assess the first 2 years of literature on COVID-19 relevant to the clinical management of patients with MS. In particular, we will review how MS impacts the risk of COVID-19 infection, how disease-modifying therapies may alter this risk, and explore considerations regarding disease-modifying thera...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - June 10, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation in Parkinson ’s Disease: a Self-Sustained Loop
AbstractPurpose of ReviewNeuroinflammation plays a significant role in Parkinson ’s disease (PD) etiology along with mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired proteostasis. In this context, mechanisms related to immune response can act as modifiers at different steps of the neurodegenerative process and justify the growing interest in anti-inflammatory agents as potential disease -modifying treatments in PD. The discovery of inherited gene mutations in PD has allowed researchers to develop cellular and animal models to study the mechanisms of the underlying biology, but the original cause of neuroinflammation in PD is still...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - June 8, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Treatment of Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures
AbstractPurpose of ReviewPsychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) are the most common Functional Neurological Disorder/Conversion Disorder subtype. Significant advances have been made related to diagnosis, neurobiology, and treatment. In this review, we summarize updates in diagnosis and management over the past 3 years.Recent FindingsAlthough evidence is mixed for the treatment of PNES, psychotherapeutic modalities remain a powerful instrument to empower patients and reduce seizures. A multidisciplinary, holistic approach is beneficial. While seizure freedom in all patients may not be the achieved endpoint in this chron...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - June 8, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
The Neurology and Psychopathology of Pica
This article reviews the a ssociation of pica with pregnancy, micronutrient deficiencies, psychiatric disorders, dementia, and developmental disorders with emphasis on autism spectrum disorders (ASD).Recent FindingsSome variants of non-nutritive consumption are prevalent behavioral norms in non-western cultures, so not all picas should be considered pathological. However, the strong association of pica with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) lends credence to the hypothesis that dopamine transmission may be disrupted in this disorder. Picas associated with ASD are resistant to medications but can be treated with applied behavior...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - June 8, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Epilepsy Care in Transgender Patients
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe goal of this review is to outline the main considerations when treating transgender patients with epilepsy. Points to be addressed include the gender affirming hormone therapy regimens and how they interact with anti-seizure medications and seizure control, as well as common co-morbidities in the transgender epilepsy population.Recent FindingsGender affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) may affect seizure control directly, due to proconvulsant or anticonvulsant properties. GAHT may interact with anti-seizure medications; most notably, estrogen will decrease serum concentration of lamotrigine. Enzyme...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - June 6, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Neurological Manifestations of Acute Porphyrias
This article reviews the basic principles of heme synthesis as well as the pathogenic mechanism of disease, presentation, and treatment of acute hepatic porphyrias with emphasis on those with neurologic manifestations. (Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports)
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - June 4, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Gut-Brain Communication in Parkinson ’s Disease: Enteroendocrine Regulation by GLP-1
The objective of this review is to discuss the role of the neuroendocrine system in gut-brain communication as it relates to PD pathogenesis, as this system has not been comprehensively considered in prior reviews. The incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is secreted by enteroendocrine cells of the intestinal epithelium, and there is evidence that it is neuroprotective in animal models and human subjects with PD. Agonists of GLP-1 receptors used in diabetes appear to be useful for preventing neurodegeneration. New tools and models have enabled us to study regulation of GLP-1 secretion by intestinal microbiota, ...
Source: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports - May 28, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
