Experimental research on the effectiveness of navigation prompt messages based on a driving simulator: a case study
This study proposed to employ driving simulation to identify the appropriate prompt message delivered at the right prompt timing to help drivers navigate through such F-type-5 m intersections. First, a within-subjects two-factor experiment was designed. One factor was the Prompt Timing Mode (PTM), representing a set of three sequential messages broadcast by the navigation system at varying distances to the intended intersection; th e other factor was the Prompt Message Type (PMT), representing various sets of three sequential messages broadcast by the navigation system. Three Prompt Timing Modes were used: PTM1 = {− ...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - January 3, 2021 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Investigating collision risk factors perceived by navigation officers in a close-quarters situation using a ship bridge simulator
This study measured the perceived collision risk (PCR) for 30 coast guard navigation officers according to their heart-rate variability in CQSs, then identified the key factors influencing measured PCR values. The PCR was measured in four types of simulated CQS, with two ships approaching each other from 2.5 nautical miles to the point of collision. The maximum PCR bearing was identified at a relative bearing of 135 ° based on the “own ship.” Multiple regression analysis showed that the navigator's personality factors, i.e., their onboard career and license rating, negatively (−) influenced the 95% confidence level....
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - January 3, 2021 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
The best task allocation process is to decide on one ’s own: effects of the allocation agent in human–robot interaction on perceived work characteristics and satisfaction
AbstractNew technologies are ever evolving and have the power to change human work for the better or the worse depending on the implementation. For human –robot interaction (HRI), it is decisive how humans and robots will share tasks and who will be in charge for decisions on task allocation. The aim of this online experiment was to examine the influence of different decision agents on the perception of a task allocation process in HRI. We assume t hat inclusion of the worker in the allocation will create more perceived work resources and will lead to more satisfaction with the allocation and the work results than a deci...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - December 21, 2020 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Do drivers change their manual car-following behaviour after automated car-following?
AbstractThere is evidence that drivers ’ behaviour adapts after using different advanced driving assistance systems. For instance, drivers’ headway during car-following reduces after using adaptive cruise control. However, little is known about whether, and how, drivers’ behaviour will change if they experience automated car-follow ing, and how this is affected by engagement in non-driving-related tasks (NDRT). The aim of this driving simulator study, conducted as part of the H2020 L3Pilot project, was to address this topic. We also investigated the effect of the presence of a lead vehicle during the resumption of co...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - December 21, 2020 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Exploring the influencing factors of public traffic safety awareness in China
AbstractThis research aims to develop a public traffic safety awareness questionnaire and explore the factors influencing public traffic safety awareness in China. A questionnaire survey was conducted with 5200 people in Jiaozuo, China, to assess their public traffic safety awareness. Based on 5029 effective samples, the developed public traffic safety awareness scale passed the reliability and validity tests and identified three factors: traffic safety behaviour, traffic safety attitude and traffic accident cognition. The Chinese version of the Traffic Climate Scale (three factors: external affective demand, internal requ...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - November 18, 2020 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Returning to periscope depth in a circular control room configuration
AbstractPrevious research has shown that co-location of operators dependent on each other for task-relevant information can relieve the previously identified bottleneck of information between the Sonar Control (SOC) and Operations Officer (OPSO) in submarine sound and control rooms. This research aimed to examine the impact of a novel inwards facing circular configuration on communications and tasks within a co-located control room. Ten teams participated in high and low demand Return to Periscope Depth scenarios in a simulated submarine control room. All communications between operators were recorded and compared with a b...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - November 11, 2020 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Cognitive task performance under (combined) conditions of a metabolic and sensory stressor
This study examined how a metabolic stressor (skipping breakfast) and a sensory stressor (noise) affect cognitive task performance in isolation and combined. In addition to performance, we collected physiological and subjective data to get insight in the underlying mechanisms. Twenty participants came to the lab twice, once after skipping breakfast, and once after a standardized breakfast. They performed runs of the 2-back task and the International Shopping List Task, which were alternately presented with and without noise. During the 2-back task, electrocardiography (ECG), electrodermal activity (EDA), and electroencepha...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - October 12, 2020 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Functional safety analysis of SAE conditional driving automation in time-critical situations and proposals for its feasibility
AbstractThe autonomous driving technology is rapidly developed for commercial use, aiming at the conditional driving automation or the third level of driving automation (LoDA 3). One of the most critical challenges for the achievement is the smooth authority transfer from the system to human drivers in an emergency. However, it is still on the way to find out fundamental solutions. The difficulty is closely related to the envisioned world problem, for which the concept of functional modeling could be a solution. This paper presents a safety analysis of the authority transfer problem based on the ideas of functional modelin...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - October 10, 2020 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Turing machine task analysis: specifying emergency assistance functions for a telemedicine system
AbstractIsolated caregivers in remote environments frequently request medical advice or decision support from distant experts. Among the multiple difficulties arising from this configuration, exchanging timely and pertinent information under pressure between the two parties poses a considerable challenge. Cognitive Work Analysis and notably the Turing Machine Task Analysis (TMTA) method that enables task processing simulation represent a methodological framework that can guide the specification of remote assistance systems. Within this perspective, TMTA was used to specify assistance functions within a case study of acute ...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - September 28, 2020 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Looking at resilience of socio-technical systems from the view of coordinated control
This article presents a theoretical viewpoint for depicting continuity of a system ’s resilient performance, based on coordinated control, as understanding of safety degradation and accident incubation in socio-technical systems. The theoretical viewpoint was exemplified, via preliminary analysis of resilient processes in the practical context of combining air crash LNI610, Lion Air, Indonesia, 2018 and its pre-accident story. This article also demonstrates the potential that the CCT view of resilience supports the high reliability organization (HRO) theory, by conceptually visualizing the HROs’ characteristics that ha...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - September 27, 2020 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
The role of utilitarianism, self-safety, and technology in the acceptance of self-driving cars
AbstractSelf-driving vehicles are currently being developed in major industries for mass public deployment. Their benefits are attractive, and there is interest in having them on the streets as quickly as possible. Delegating responsibility to the cars has far-reaching impacts. As accidents will be unavoidable, the self-driving car will be asked to make life and death decisions that will impact human lives. However, the impact of machine decision making on the overall acceptance of self-driving cars in society is far from sufficiently addressed. The research presented here investigates three factors, i.e., technology, self...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - September 4, 2020 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Learning game for improving forklift drivers ’ safety awareness
This study piloted a video-based learning game for forklift drivers, designed to increase their safety awareness in their highly dynamic operating environment. The game consisted of video clips filmed from the driver ’s perspective. Each video clip was stopped and masked at a point where a safety-relevant item or hazard appeared. Two locations were marked on the screen, one with the hazard and the other with no hazard. The players had to choose the location with the hazard while the screen was masked and recei ved feedback on their choice. Eighty-one professional forklift drivers played the game at their workplaces durin...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - August 27, 2020 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Empirical study of Team Usability Testing: a laboratory experiment
AbstractThe evaluation of groupware has a long history; several researchers have investigated this research area and made attempts to develop evaluation methods. This paper aims to make a contribution to this research topic by introducing a groupware evaluation method called Team Usability Testing. The goal of this method is to evaluate the usability of real-time distributed groupware. The Team Usability Test consists of a combination of questionnaires, on-screen behaviour recordings and interviews. The data analysis is based on the mechanics of collaboration theoretical framework and involves communication analysis, behav...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - August 8, 2020 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Investigating voice in action teams: a critical review
AbstractTeam communication is considered a key factor for team performance. Importantly, voicing concerns and suggestions regarding work-related topics —also termed speaking up—represents an essential part of team communication. Particularly in action teams in high-reliability organizations such as healthcare, military, or aviation, voice is crucial for error prevention. Although research on voice has become more important recently, there are i nconsistencies in the literature. This includes methodological issues, such as how voice should be measured in different team contexts, and conceptual issues, such as uncertaint...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - August 4, 2020 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
The effects of information relevancy on driving behavior
This study provides insights into how bus drivers’ driving behavior is affected by auditory traffic information through a driving simulator study at the Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute. A pre-study showed that many bus drivers in Gothenburg experience that a m ajority of the messages they receive are irrelevant to them. Difference in driving behavior was identified for conditions in which the drivers received messages irrelevant to their route, which might indicate that irrelevancy is an important factor for the workload imposed to the drivers. We hypothe size that irrelevant messages require proc...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - July 31, 2020 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
