Case based learning among practicing engineers: design, facilitation and lessons learned
AbstractPresentations and workshops on disaster cases for professional development purposes are popular among engineers. Despite common use of such case based learning, there has been only limited investigation into this practice in a hazardous industry context. Based on the literature on case based learning, this paper presents findings from five workshops on the causation of the Überlingen mid-air aircraft collision in 2002 with 43 Australian pipeline project personnel. Using Kolb’s four-stage model of experiential learning, the analysis shows how the case offers a concrete experience, an opportunity for reflective...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - May 19, 2019 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
The role of information sharing on decision delay during multiteam disaster response
AbstractMultiteam systems (MTSs) are comprised of two or more interconnected teams working toward shared superordinate goals but with unique sub-goals. To date, research has predominantly focused on how decisions are made and has viewed these cognitive processes as occurring within individuals. However, for MTSs operating in extreme environments such as disasters, it is often not a question of how decisions are made, but what is causing delays and failures to make decisions. To understand the causes of decision delay within these complex networks, it is important to focus on decision processes at the multiteam level. Using...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - May 17, 2019 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Evaluating the usage of predefined interactive behaviors for writing user stories: an empirical study with potential product owners
AbstractBehavior-driven development (BDD) has gained popularity in agile software development as a means of specifying user requirements through user stories and scenarios for interactive systems under construction. Templates for guiding the writing of such stories are widely employed and can be helpful to ensure that consistent information about the requirements is provided. With the aim of getting preliminary results about how product owners (POs) write their own user stories under a predefined template, we conducted a case study with potential POs at the department in charge of business trips in a French research instit...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - May 15, 2019 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Assessment of wheelchair skills based on analysis of driving style
AbstractIn this paper, we propose a learning assessment method based on the analysis of learner ’s behavioural style. This method was first applied for wheel-chair driving tasks because it is simple and risk-free, but unusual for users. Seven classic performance indicators based on joystick control were used to characterise the users’ driving style. We assumed that the learning effectivene ss of the users can be evaluated by comparing their driving style with the reference ones, which could be extracted from experienced users. The evaluation was carried out for six novice users and eight experienced users. The users we...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - May 12, 2019 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Managing cognitive biases during disaster response: the development of an aide memoire
AbstractDisasters are highly complex with often extreme consequences and are often exacerbated by decision errors. Human behaviour in this domain offers a fertile ground for studying decision-making and identifying opportunities for improvement. This research sought to improve the quality of decision-making by developing an aide memoire for managing cognitive biases in emergency management. Based on the appropriate literature, 58 of Australia ’s leading marine spill disaster response experts identified and ranked the most important cognitive biases in a group setting. The results were translated into language relevant to...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - May 10, 2019 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Assessment of a medical information system: the mediating role of use and user satisfaction on the success of human interaction with the mobile healthcare system (iHeart)
In this study, mediation effect was examined in three different methods including Baron and Kenny, Sobel test, and Bootstrapping technique. The most reliable results are from bootstrapping technique, which indicate that “Use” mediates the effects of SysQ, Tr, and mHL on SHI. In addition, “Us er satisfaction” is a mediator between SysQ, SQ, and mHL with SHI. Ultimately, IQ has direct effect on SHI without involvement of mediator. (Source: Cognition, Technology and Work)
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - May 6, 2019 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Measuring users ’ color preferences in CRUD operations across the globe: a new Software Ergonomics Testing Platform
AbstractWhile working with data, we typically utilize four basic operations:Create,Read,Update, andDelete. These functions, used altogether with a persistent storage, are encapsulated into the acronymCRUD. Although the data functions are easy for machines, people have to use them through a user interface and its components. Even though some of these components are standardized (for example, HTML forms), their visual representation is highly customized among devices and technologies. Concerning users, subjective preferences are taken into account as well. As a result, the efficiency of working with data can be affected by c...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - May 5, 2019 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Self-determined nudging: a system concept for human –machine interaction
AbstractHumans sometimes struggle when making decisions, because what they want to do in a specific moment can differ from what they feel they should do in general. This phenomenon can also be found in situations of human –machine interaction. In order to support humans in making decisions about their behavior, a new form of support is proposed, which is especially suitable for human–machine interaction: self-determined decision-making with nudging methods (or shortly: self-determined nudging). In this concept, f irstly the aspirations of the human are assessed and then supporting mechanisms are offered to guide humans...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - May 1, 2019 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Driver –vehicle cooperation: a hierarchical cooperative control architecture for automated driving systems
AbstractThe concept of automated driving changes the way humans interact with their cars. However, how humans should interact with automated driving systems remains an open question. Cooperation between a driver and an automated driving system —they exert control jointly to facilitate a common driving task for each other—is expected to be a promising interaction paradigm that can address human factors issues caused by driving automation. Nevertheless, the complex nature of automated driving functions makes it very challenging to apply the state-of-the-art frameworks of driver–vehicle cooperation to automated driving ...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - April 26, 2019 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Classification of air traffic control scenarios using decision trees: insights from a field study in terminal approach radar environment
AbstractAir traffic controllers are responsible for the safe, expeditious and orderly flow of the air traffic. Their training relies heavily on the use of simulators that can represent various normal and emergency situations. Accurate classification of air traffic scenarios can provide assistance towards a better understanding of how controllers respond to the complexity of a traffic scenario. To this end, we conducted a field study using qualified air traffic controllers, who participated in simulator sessions of terminal radar approach control in a variety of scenarios. The aim of the study was twofold, firstly to explor...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - April 22, 2019 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Towards an interaction pattern language for human machine cooperation and cooperative movement
AbstractCurrent technological achievements and trends show that in a not too far future vehicles will become able to drive with highest levels of automation in different environments all over the world. Until then still many questions need to be solved. Such questions are how to get the driver back into the loop when problematic situations happen that the automation is unable to solve. Others ask the question how to involve drivers in the driving tasks if they want to drive partially automated. Such questions require answers in how cooperation between a machine in terms of a highly automated technical system and a human wo...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - April 19, 2019 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Shared control architectures for vehicle steering
AbstractVarious schemes for sharing control between a human driver and automation system have been proposed, each with the aim of freeing attention while supporting smooth transitions of authority when the control challenge exceeds driver or automation capabilities. When sharing control of a vehicle, it can be expected that the driver develops internal models of the automation and its capabilities and assumes or assigns intent to its actions. In this paper, we develop system models of input mixing and haptic shared control to describe the communication channels open to the driver for monitoring automation behavior and dete...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - April 19, 2019 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Effect of risk-predictive haptic guidance in one-pedal driving mode
AbstractThe research presented in this article focuses on the design of a driver support system for risk-predictive driving under a potentially hazardous situation for a pedestrian who crosses a road from the driver ’s blind spots. Our aim is to develop a system that would cooperate with the driver in leading the normative speed calculated by the co-driver function. The design philosophy of haptic guidance is to communicate to the drivers the potentially hazardous situation through tactile cues from the activ e gas pedal and to assist drivers to in preparing for possible road surprises. We intended to combine the algorit...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - April 15, 2019 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
How the cockpit manages anomalies: revisiting the dynamic fault management model for aviation
AbstractMore than 20 years ago, Woods proposed a model that accounts for the inherent complexity faced by operators when managing abnormal and emergency situations in highly complex sociotechnical systems. The model was reviewed a decade later and only a few studies have applied it to aviation. This paper proposes adj ustments to the original model, based on recent theoretical developments and empirical evidence on the anomaly management activity in aviation. The model was divided into five components; three of which—activity, types of reasoning involved, and resources—were revisited and further developed. Th e two o...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - April 9, 2019 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Driving towards a greener future: an application of cognitive work analysis to promote fuel-efficient driving
AbstractDriving is a daily encountered task for many. Unlike the majority of life ’s daily hassles, however, the act of driving has significant environmental repercussions. Supporting the development of environmentally conscious driving techniques and developing tools and interfaces to reduce the environmental impact of driving is warranted to minimise the negative impact of th ese actions. The current paper documents the development of a complete cognitive work analysis (CWA) to support environmentally conscious driving. The paper proposes that the use of the CWA approach-enabled examination of the fuel-efficient drivin...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - April 7, 2019 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
