Layers of shared and cooperative control, assistance, and automation
The objective of this paper is to give an overview on the development towards a common meta-model of shared and cooperative assistance and automation. The meta-models based on insight from the h(orse) –metaphor and Human–Machine Cooperation principles are presented and combined to propose a framework and criteria to design safe, efficient, ecological, and attractive systems. Cooperation is presented from different points of view such as levels of activity (operational, tactical and strategic levels) as well as the type of function shared between human and machine (information gathering, information analysis, decision s...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - December 6, 2018 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Action prediction with the Jordan model of human intention: a contribution to cooperative control
AbstractHuman intentions are internal processes that can be deduced by observation of their resulting actions. Hence, an observation-based model of human intention is needed. The Jordan model of human intention in traffic is presented and applied on empirical data for two different intentions: driver ’s braking intention and pedestrian’s crossing intention. The analysis shows that the behavior postulated within the theoretically developed Jordan model is observable in both sets of empirical data of drivers and of pedestrians while they perform intended actions. It can be assumed, that the Jo rdan model is universally a...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - November 29, 2018 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Information processing challenges and research directions in CCTV surveillance
AbstractThe aim of this paper is to review research on the cognitive processes involved in closed circuit television (CCTV) surveillance, and make recommendations for further research and for practitioners. CCTV provides a socially relevant context for visual attention and search, because it involves dynamic natural images, multiple cameras that are frequently expected to be monitored simultaneously and a range of significant events which are often accompanied by high levels of uncertainty. In recent years, increasing research attention has been paid to operators ’ cognitive processes in CCTV surveillance. Prior to this,...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - November 21, 2018 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Spatial disorientation cue effects on gaze behaviour in pilots and non-pilots
AbstractSpatial disorientation (SD) poses a serious threat to flight safety. A pilot ’s gaze behaviour that characterizes his/her visual perception and attention determines success in dealing with this phenomenon. Regardless of a pilot’s experience or proficiency, sensory illusions can lead to differences between instrument indications and what the pilot “feels”. Understandi ng how simulator-induced SD cues affect gaze behaviour in pilots and non-pilots is our interest and was addressed as the aim of this research. Using a SD flight simulator, 40 male (20 military pilots; 20 non-pilots) were exposed to 12 flight se...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - November 16, 2018 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Estimation and quantification of vigilance using ERPs and eye blink rate with a fuzzy model-based approach
AbstractVigilance, also known as sustained attention, is defined as the ability to maintain concentrated attention over prolonged time periods. Many methods for vigilance detection, based on biological and behavioural characteristics, have been proposed in the literature. In general, the existing approaches do not provide any solution to measure vigilance level quantitatively and adopt costly equipment. This paper utilizes a portable electroencephalography (EEG) device and presents a new method for estimation of vigilance level of an individual by utilizing event-related potentials (P300 and N100) of EEG signals and eye bl...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - November 2, 2018 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Naturalistic decision making: navigating uncertainty in complex sociotechnical work
(Source: Cognition, Technology and Work)
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - October 9, 2018 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Book review on cognitive engineering and safety organization in air traffic management
(Source: Cognition, Technology and Work)
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - October 5, 2018 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
A resources model for distributed sensemaking
AbstractIn the field of naturalistic decision making, the data –frame model (DFM) has proven to be a popular and useful way of thinking about sensemaking. DFM provides a parsimonious account of how ‘sensemakers’ interact with the data in their environment to make sense of what is happening. In this paper, however, we argue that it is useful to elaborate D FM in several ways. We begin by arguing for the idea of sensemaking as a quest for coherence, an idea that we see as consistent with the DFM. We then present some examples of sensemaking studies and use these to motivate a ‘distributed resources’ model of sensem...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - September 28, 2018 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Simultaneous achievement of driver assistance and skill development in shared and cooperative controls
AbstractAdvanced driver-assistance systems have successfully reduced drivers ’ workloads and increased safety. On the other hand, the excessive use of such systems can impede the development of driving skills. However, there exist collaborative driver-assistance systems, including shared and cooperative controls, which can promote effective collaboration between an assista nce system and a human operator under appropriate system settings. Given an effective collaboration setup, we address the goal of simultaneously developing or maintaining driving skills while reducing workload. As there has been a paucity of research o...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - September 25, 2018 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Maintenance schedules as boundary objects for improved organizational reliability
AbstractOrganizations that manage complex technologies use planning in various forms to determine priorities and structure work with the goal of controlling both production and system reliability. In addition to this purely functional view of planning, there is a social dimension that also has important system safety implications. Drawing on 53 semi-structured interviews with workers at a nuclear fuel processing plant, this paper addresses the role of the schedule for planned maintenance work. Characterizing the schedule as a boundary object highlights the socio-material dimension of high reliability organizing. It sheds l...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - September 25, 2018 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Simultaneous achievement of driver assistance and skill development in shared and cooperative controls
AbstractAdvanced driver-assistance systems have successfully reduced drivers ’ workloads and increased safety. On the other hand, the excessive use of such systems can impede the development of driving skills. However, there exist collaborative driver-assistance systems, including shared and cooperative controls, which can promote effective collaboration between an assista nce system and a human operator under appropriate system settings. Given an effective collaboration setup, we address the goal of simultaneously developing or maintaining driving skills while reducing workload. As there has been a paucity of research o...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - September 25, 2018 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Maintenance schedules as boundary objects for improved organizational reliability
AbstractOrganizations that manage complex technologies use planning in various forms to determine priorities and structure work with the goal of controlling both production and system reliability. In addition to this purely functional view of planning, there is a social dimension that also has important system safety implications. Drawing on 53 semi-structured interviews with workers at a nuclear fuel processing plant, this paper addresses the role of the schedule for planned maintenance work. Characterizing the schedule as a boundary object highlights the socio-material dimension of high reliability organizing. It sheds l...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - September 25, 2018 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Cognitive skills training: lessons learned
AbstractThis paper describes lessons we have learned about presenting cognitive skills training. We have used ShadowBox as our training approach (Klein and Borders in J Cogn Eng Decis Mak 10:268 –280, 2016), but the lessons apply regardless of specific techniques employed. We analyze key takeaways and lessons learned throughout the course of multiple ShadowBox projects. We explain how the original ShadowBox mission statement has evolved based on these lessons learned. Recommendations are offered for others who are engaged in cognitive skills training. (Source: Cognition, Technology and Work)
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - September 19, 2018 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
