Human-centered modeling framework of multiple interdependency in urban systems for simulation of post-disaster recovery processes
AbstractThis paper presents a human-centered modeling framework of urban systems to capture various types of interdependency underlying urban sociotechnical and socioeconomic systems. The proposed framework consists of three major subsystems: civil life, manufacturing/service industry, and lifeline infrastructure. This framework classifies nine different types of interdependencies existing within and between these three subsystems. This paper also presents a computer simulation of the post-disaster recovery process of urban systems considering various interdependencies captured by the modeling framework. We adopt an agent-...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - July 26, 2018 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Caregivers ’ attitudes toward potential robot coworkers in elder care
AbstractTechnological advances in robotics increase progressively. Elder care is one of the work areas which have potential to involve robotic workforce. So, it is important to focus on interaction between humans and potential robot workers to prepare the organization for possible challenges. The current study examined the relationships between trust in robots and anthropomorphism of robots, intention to work with robots and preference of automation levels. For this purpose, 102 caregivers who work for elder care in a nursing home (aged between 19 and 40) participated in an experimental study. According to the results, ant...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - July 24, 2018 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Process industries versus discrete processing: how system characteristics affect operator tasks
AbstractDespite an increasing level of automation, human operators still play a central role in industrial production. They need to monitor and adjust plant operations, compensate for process deviations, and step in when abnormal situations cannot be handled by the automation but require diagnosis and adaptive intervention. Based on a literature review, the article presents a cross-domain comparison of operator tasks and the associated knowledge and information requirements for process control in the process industries and discrete processing. While the process industries are characterized by a transformation of uniform, s...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - July 24, 2018 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Analysing communication dynamics at the transaction level: the case of Air France Flight 447
In this study, we focused on communication patterns that played out during the Air France 447 incident. Butts (2008) relational event model was employed to examine the communication dynamics amongst the pilots in the cockpit of flight AF447, and illustrate how communication patterns may be studied by considering sequences of relational events, thus adopting a dynamic, de-contextualised approach to system analysis, at a ‘transaction level’. The analysis of the communication transcript revealed patterned changes in some communication dynamics in the cockpit after the flight entered an unexpected situation, which led to t...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - July 24, 2018 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
The evaluation of emotional experience on webpages: an event-related potential study
AbstractDifferent webpage appearances may induce different emotional experiences of users. What may happen in users ’ brain from when they see the webpage to when they reveal emotional experience is still unknown. Thus, this study requires the participants to evaluate their emotional experience on webpages by pressing the mouse, with their electroencephalogram being recorded. By analyzing the average amplitude of event-related potentials, we find that at the early stage of cognitive process, parietal N1 component is sensitive to the arousal of emotional experiences. The P2 can distinguish webpages with medium emotional e...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - July 19, 2018 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
A theoretical framework for designing human-centered automotive automation systems
This study argues that, especially in critical situations, the way control is handed over between agents can improve human–automation intera ctions even when the system has the final decision-making authority. As ways of improving human–automation interactions, the study proposes adaptive sharing of control that allows dynamic control distribution between human and system within the same level of automation while the human retains the final authority, and adaptive trading of control in which the control and authority shift between human and system dynamically while changing levels of automation. Authority and control t...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - July 18, 2018 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Good intentions: drivers ’ decisions to engage with technology on the road and in a driving simulator
This study assessed the drivers’ decision to engage with secondary tasks using verbal protocols to provide insights into the drivers’ intention with in a naturalistic driving setting, on the road, and in a simulated driving environment. This enabled an understanding of when drivers engage with technological distractions, why they choose to do so, as well as how they may go about doing it. Different road types were found to differentially impact the drivers’ intention to engage, as did the types of secondary tasks, with some tasks having an increased willingness to engage compared to others. Factors that increase and/...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - July 13, 2018 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Information technology use for work and technostress: effects of power distance and masculinity culture dimensions
This study seeks to theorize on and examine the roles of information technology (IT) use for work combined with individual-level culture dimensions, namely power distance and masculinity, in technostress formation. The model is tested with structural equation modeling techniques applied to data collected from 485 employees in China. Results suggest that (1) the extent of IT use for work drives technostress, (2) technostress is further augmented in employees who are high in power distance and masculinity, (3) the effect of IT use on technostress is amplified for employees who are high in power distance and masculinity, and ...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - July 11, 2018 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Developing cognitive task analysis and the importance of socio-cognitive competence/insight for professional practice
AbstractAccelerating the cognitive expertise of professionals is a critical challenge for many organizations. This paper reports a collaborative, longitudinal, academic practitioner project which aimed to elicit, document, and accelerate the cognitive expertise of engineering professionals working with the manufacture and management of petroleum additives. Twenty-five engineering experts were trained by three academic psychologists to use applied cognitive task analysis (ACTA) interview techniques to document the cognition of their expert peers. Results had high face validity for practitioners who elicited hot/sensory-base...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - July 4, 2018 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Towards automated assessment of team performance by mimicking expert observers ’ ratings
This study investigates the reliability of human observers as assessors of performance among virtual teams, and what they base their assessments on when only able to monitor one of the team members at a time. The results show that expert observers put a lot of emphasis on task outcomes and on communication and are generally reliable raters of team performance, but there are several aspects that they cannot rate reliably under these circumstances, e.g., team workload, stress, and collaborative problem-solving. Through simple algorithms, this study shows that by capturing task scores and different quantitative communication ...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - June 29, 2018 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Digitalization in knowledge work: the dream of enhanced performance
This study contributes to the timely discussion on modern work by identifying the potential restraints and showing their relation to performance. Moreover, based on the results of the study, the critical areas that need managerial attention in digitalizing knowledge work are highlighted. (Source: Cognition, Technology and Work)
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - June 27, 2018 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Inter-department patient handoff quality and its contributing factors in Chinese hospitals
AbstractThe aims of the current study were to obtain factors contributing to inter-department patient handoff quality and to uncover characteristics of the current handoffs from the point of view of Chinese healthcare staff. A questionnaire was developed to obtain the staff ’s views on inter-department handoffs. An online questionnaire survey was conducted between December 2016 and March 2017. A total of 490 valid responses were collected from physicians, nurses, and assistant nurses. Five handoff factors were derived by applying principal component analysis with 44% of cumulative variance accounted for. Significant diff...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - June 26, 2018 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Using telephone call rates and nurse-to-patient ratios as measures of resilient performance under high patient flow conditions
AbstractPatient admissions, discharges, and transfers are high work demand activities that have been associated with 30-day readmissions and increased patient mortality. Most mitigation strategies target peak demand, but variable demand may be more significant. Self-organizing holarchic open systems (SOHOs) and resilience engineering frameworks may explain system behavior, but a few quantitative studies of resilient organizational performance have been published. We used three measures to explore SOHO and resilience engineering constructs. We collected hourly data over 2 years, from five inter-related units in a cardiova...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - June 21, 2018 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
A descriptive, practical, hybrid argumentation model to assist with the formulation of defensible assessments in uncertain sense-making environments: an initial evaluation
AbstractThis paper presents the preliminary results of our initial, descriptive, practical, hybrid argumentation model, designed for the use by criminal intelligence analysts (from now on referred to as analysts) working with sophisticated visual analytical software in uncertain sense-making environments. Analysts are required to create exhibits (as evidence) for a court of law or as input for decision-making in intelligence-led policing. These exhibits are required to be accurate, relevant and unbiased. Eight experienced criminal intelligence analysts from West Midlands police and the Belgium police evaluated a low-fideli...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - June 15, 2018 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Naturalistic artistic decision-making and metacognition in the music studio
This study investigates NDM in the music production studio. In music production, there is a professional role explicitly tasked with taking decisions —the (record) producer. The producer, as a creative collaborator, is differentiated as a problem-solver, solution creator and goal setter. This investigation looks at the producer’s metacognitive abilities for reflecting on the nature of problems and decisions. An important challenge for this st udy is to develop methods for observing decision-making without unrealistically reducing the amount of uncertainty around outcomes or creative intention within a studio production...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - June 15, 2018 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
