Motivational assistance system design for industrial production: from motivation theories to design strategies
AbstractIndustrial production is still widely sustained by human operators. However, the design of human –machine interaction often does not foster the motivation to learn more about their machine or system. This may decrease operators’ ability to flexibly adjust their decision making and problem-solving skills to the current production context. Motivation to learn could be attained by a motivating socio-technical design of assistance systems, but suitable and context-specific design strategies are lacking. In the present study, a systematic literature review of motivation theories in education, at the workplace, and i...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - July 19, 2020 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Effects of coherent, integrated, and context-dependent adaptable user interfaces on operators ’ situation awareness, performance, and workload
The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of the three previously developed user interface concepts on operators ’ situation awareness, task performance, and workload to gain better insights into the benefits and limitations of the user interface design concepts. The effects were tested in a simulator environment. The results show that user interface features of an integrated user interface allowed operators to apply more effective information processing, which resulted in better task performance. Features of a context-dependent adaptable user interface triggered proactive behavior of operators, which result...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - July 18, 2020 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Towards measuring cognitive load through multimodal physiological data
AbstractCognitive load plays an important role during learning and working, as it has been linked to well-functioning cognitive processes, performance, burnout and depression. Nonetheless, attempts to assess cognitive load in real-time by means of physiological data have been proven difficult, and interpreting these data remains challenging. The aim of this study is to examine whether and how well experienced cognitive load can be measured through psycho-physiological data. The approach of this study is rather unique, for a combination of reasons. First, this study takes a multimodal approach, monitoring EDA (electrodermal...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - July 11, 2020 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Exploring the crossing behaviours and visual attention allocation of children in primary school in an outdoor road environment
AbstractPrimary school children are likely to participate in traffic as pedestrian road users. Due to their immature levels of physical and cognitive development, it is difficult for children to make safe decisions while crossing roads. The aim of this study was to analyse the behaviour characteristics and visual attention distribution of children in primary school as they cross roads. In total, 10 children successively passed through an unsignalised intersection, an unsignalised T-intersection and a signalised intersection on a designated test route in an outdoor road environment. Three HD cameras and an eye tracker were ...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - June 29, 2020 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Gauging the utility of ambient displays by measuring cognitive load
AbstractAmbient Displays, a sub-class of ubiquitous computing, aim to present non-critical information using peripheral visualisation with minimal distraction. The utility of Ambient Displays relies on providing useful, well-designed information in a way that does not increase the users cognitive load. Assessing the cognitive load of an Ambient Display is thus an important part of the development process. In this paper we review the key design dimensions of Ambient Displays and consider how they impact on cognitive load. We then examine various approaches for measuring cognitive load before describing a study that investig...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - June 22, 2020 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Modelling decision-making within rail maintenance control rooms
AbstractThis paper presents a cognitive task analysis to derive models of decision-making for rail maintenance processes. Maintenance processes are vital for safe and continuous availability of rail assets and services. These processes are increasingly embracing the ‘Intelligent Infrastructure’ paradigm, which uses automated analysis to predict asset state and potential failure. Understanding the cognitive processes of maintenance operators is critical to underpin design and acceptance of Intelligent Infrastructure. A combination of methods, including obser vation, interview and an adaptation of critical decision metho...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - June 19, 2020 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Analysing human factors and non-technical skills in offshore drilling operations using FRAM (functional resonance analysis method)
AbstractWorkplaces in the oil and gas (O&G) industry have evolved to become part of the modern complex sociotechnical system that characterises onshore and offshore facilities today. The intense interactions between workers, systems, equipment and processes have made companies in this sector more productive. However, significant and complex risks have also emerged. Managing them requires a methodology capable of understanding and recognising how this entire sociotechnical system works. This research uses the FRAM to model the activities performed by drillers, from the perspective of their workplace, inside the drilling...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - June 19, 2020 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
A framework for describing interaction between human operators and autonomous, automated, and manual control systems
AbstractThis paper addresses how to describe critical episodes of interaction between human operators and autonomous, automated, and manual control systems. The first part of the paper poses three questions: (1) what levels of cognitive control are important to include in a descriptive framework for joint human-autonomy in process control; (2) how should one describe temporal developments in joint socio-technical systems; and (3) how does one analyse communication and control at the system joints. The paper proceeds by proposing a new framework for description and analysis, the Joint Control Framework (JCF), with a simple ...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - June 17, 2020 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Road users rarely use explicit communication when interacting in today ’s traffic: implications for automated vehicles
AbstractTo be successful, automated vehicles (AVs) need to be able to manoeuvre in mixed traffic in a way that will be accepted by road users, and maximises traffic safety and efficiency. A likely prerequisite for this success is for AVs to be able to communicate effectively with other road users in a complex traffic environment. The current study, conducted as part of the European project interACT, investigates the communication strategies used by drivers and pedestrians while crossing the road at six observed locations, across three European countries. In total, 701 road user interactions were observed and annotated, usi...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - June 7, 2020 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Understanding and overcoming horizontal separation complexity in air traffic control: an expert/novice comparison
AbstractHumans still play a key role in air traffic control but their performances limit the capacity of the airspace and are responsible for delays. At the tactical level, even though air traffic controllers (ATCO) are trained for years, their performances are limited. In this article, we first isolated the tactical horizontal deconfliction task and explained its mathematical complexity. We observed through a simple experiment conducted on trainee and experienced ATCOs its complexity on random traffic in a part-task trainer displaying two to five aircraft trajectories at the same altitude. We compared performances of trai...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - May 23, 2020 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Employee acceptability of wearable mental workload monitoring: exploring effects of framing the goal and context in corporate communication
AbstractDevelopment of wearable mental workload (MWL) measures thrives, especially as leveraged byIndustry 4.0. When employees object to wearing such gauges; however, research efforts might end up redundant. Based on self-determination and communication theories, this study assumed that employees ’ acceptability of wearable MWL-monitoring is shaped by framing characteristics in corporate communication. Specifically, we hypothesized that acceptability depends on how (1) the technology’s goals and (2) context of implementation is framed. A pilot study (N = 150) revealed that framing wearable MWL-monitoring in terms o...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - May 22, 2020 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Measuring and examining traffic sign comprehension with event-related potentials
This study investigated neural indicators underlying traffic sign understanding by measuring event-related potentials (ERPs). A stimulus 1 –stimulus 2 paradigm was adopted. A sign identification experiment was conducted independently in a laboratory setting with 60 participants divided into two groups. ERPs and brain topographies were analyzed to evaluate traffic sign comprehension. Misunderstanding was associated with greater amplit udes of the N300 and N400. The study demonstrates that the N300 and N400 are effective neural indicators for evaluating sign comprehension and can be used for predicting drivers’ sign comp...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - May 17, 2020 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Do situational or cognitive factors contribute more to risky driving? A simulated driving study
In this study, two simulated drives were conducted to examine the impact of cognitive factors, reflected as working memory capacity and response inhibition capacity, and situational factor, reflected as time pressure, on several risky driving measures. These measures included the percentage of the distance traveled while speeding, the standard deviation of the lateral lane position on curves, safety scores, and accident frequency. Fifty-one participants were recruited by means of monetary rewards. Similar to the results from previous studies, working memory capacity, response inhibition, and time pressure were found to be ...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - April 15, 2020 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Co-evolution of work structure and process in organizations: improvisation in post-disaster debris removal operations
This study examines the performance of cognitive work —as constrained by physical, policy and resource-related factors—in the near-simultaneous design and execution of disaster response operations. The demands of the situation described here—the removal of debris from a high-value barrier island in the US state of New York after Hurricane Sandy ( 2012)—lay at the far boundaries of the responding organizations’ experience, making this case an excellent candidate for study. Data are analyzed on the deliberative processes of the responding organization in order to characterize the interaction between the design and ...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - April 14, 2020 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Designing flight deck applications: combining insight from end-users and ergonomists
AbstractTechnological advancement brings opportunities for enhanced information, support, and functionality within the flight deck. Whilst this has many benefits to the pilot and the overall safety of the aircraft, the practical integration of new technologies needs to be carefully considered throughout the entirety of the design process. The application of Human Factors methods must ensure that new technologies do not expose the system to new failures. This paper compares two methods of generating design recommendations for new technological features; the system human error reduction and prediction approach (SHERPA) and t...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - March 25, 2020 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
