Investigating the relationship between mental state (workload and affect) and physiology in a control room setting (ship bridge simulator)
AbstractThis paper discusses how to investigate the human element in a control room setting in terms of situational settings (monitoring and active control) and mental state (workload and affect). We show an explorative experiment in a ship bridge simulator context to investigate measurement practices and uncover correlations between mental state and changes in physiology. 31 participants from an engineering student population participated in the experiment. Data were collected from two scenarios through surveys (workload and affect) and physiology sensors (electrocardiography and electrodermal activity). We highlight the ...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - April 5, 2019 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Principles of transparency for autonomous vehicles: first results of an experiment with an augmented reality human –machine interface
This study investigates the automation transparency to ensure a meta-cooperation between the driver and the automation and the way to convey information to the driver using Augmented Reality according to some transparency principles. Therefore, among 45 participants, we evaluated five human –machine interface (HMI) in which some or all of the following functions were integrated: information acquisition, information analysis, decision-making and action execution. To validate our transparency principles, we assessed Situation Awareness, discomfort feeling, and the participants’ prefe rences. Even though there is no conve...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - March 31, 2019 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Effects of working memory, attention, and expertise on pilots ’ situation awareness
AbstractThe current study investigates individual differences that predict situation awareness (SA) in professional pilots. The aim of the study is twofold: to examine the roles of divided attention, inhibition, working memory, and expertise in predicting SA, and to demonstrate the relative contributions of these individual differences to online (Situation Awareness Present Method, SPAM) and offline (Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique, SAGAT) SA measures. Thirty-six professional pilots completed a challenging flight scenario in a full-flight simulator. Divided attention, inhibition, working memory span, and ex...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - March 27, 2019 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Driver ’s physiological responses to negotiating urbanization highways of varying complexity
AbstractIn the progress of urbanization, serious crashes on curved sections of urbanization highway are a significant problem. The main reason is that urbanization highways have an impact on drivers ’ physiological status. In this paper, three road simulation scenarios were implemented in a driving simulator: ‘non-urbanization highway’, ‘semi-urbanization highway’ and ‘urbanization highway’. Drivers’ physiological features were studied by observing their heart rate growth rates. The results demonstrate that heart rate growth rate was significantly affected by the degree of urbanization of the highway. On cu...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - March 20, 2019 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Expanding the concept of simulator fidelity: the use of technology and collaborative activities in training maritime officers
The objective of this article is to expand the prevailing understanding of the concept of simulator fidelity and explore social factors that may influence perceived training quality among professional maritime officers. This qualitative study aims to broaden the scope from technological aspects to an emphasis on task and collaborative factors. The empirical material used is based on observations of two different simulator programs for professional maritime officers and focused interviews with bridge officers participating in the sampled training. The research aims to deepen the knowledge on how learning unfolds in a simula...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - March 11, 2019 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Evaluating the reduced flight deck crew concept using cognitive work analysis and social network analysis: comparing normal and data-link outage scenarios
AbstractThe aim of the present paper is to demonstrate how a subset of methods from Cognitive Work Analysis (CWA) in combination with Social Network Analysis (SNA) can be used to analyse the effects of a reduced crew in a legacy system of a commercial airliner ’s two-pilot-crew operations. Whereas existing research approaches have used different methodological approaches such as classical workload evaluations, we focus on social organisation and cooperation at early conceptual design stages. A case study of Reduced-Crew Operations (RCO) in commercial av iation highlights how Work Domain Analysis, Control Task Analysis an...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - February 26, 2019 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Correction to: Digitalization in knowledge work: the dream of enhanced performance
According to decision by the rector of University of Tampere, a version of the paper was submitted and published due to negligence. (Source: Cognition, Technology and Work)
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - February 21, 2019 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Block off: an examination of new control room configurations and reduced crew sizes examining engineered production blocking
AbstractPrevious research has shown a potential bottleneck of communication of information between the sonar controller (SOC) and operations officer (OPSO) in submarine sound and control rooms. This research aimed to see if this bottleneck could be removed by co-locating the sound and control room teams. Further, it also looked at the effects of reducing the crew numbers. Ten teams preformed the return to periscope depth tasks during high and low demand in a simulated submarine control room. Activities and communications of the teams were recorded and compared with data from a baseline condition of contemporary operations....
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - February 14, 2019 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Assessing network cognition in the Dutch railway system: insights into network situation awareness and workload using social network analysis
This study takes upon a group cognition perspective and investigates the cognition of railway traffic operations, in particular railway traffic and passenger traffic control. A table-top simulation environment is used to conduct the study, in which its design principles are elaborated upon. Network cognition is operationalized through communication content and flow and studied through social network analysis (SNA). SNA centrality metrics, such as degree, closeness and betweenness, are assessed in these networks. As part of the study, two cases are compared where operational procedures for disruption mitigation are varied. ...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - February 14, 2019 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Using smartphone logging to gain insight about phone use in traffic
AbstractThe prevalence of mobile phone usage in traffic has been studied by road-side counting, naturalistic driving data, surveillance cameras, smartphone logging, and subjective estimates via surveys. Here, we describe a custom-made smartphone logging application along with suggestions on how future such applications should be designed. The developed application logs ’ start and end times of all phone interactions (mobile phone applications, incoming/outgoing phone calls and text messages, audio output, and screen activations). In addition, all movements are automatically classified into transport, cycling, walking, ru...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - February 13, 2019 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Introduction to the special section on designing automated and connected driving systems to work with people
(Source: Cognition, Technology and Work)
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - February 13, 2019 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Medical teamwork and the evolution of safety science: a critical review
AbstractThere is widespread consensus that teamwork constitutes one of the key requirements in today ’s multidisciplinary and highly complex system of delivering care. In recent years, increasing attention has been given to questions of how to define, teach, measure, and improve teamwork in healthcare. However, one cannot help but feel a certain disconnect between this ongoing trend in healthcare with an associated bias towards judgemental and normative language, and contemporary thinking in safety science that explores concepts from complexity thinking, such as emergence and resilience. The aim of this critical review i...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - February 12, 2019 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Development of a behavioural marker system for incident command in the UK fire and rescue service: THINCS
AbstractNon-technical skills in high-reliability industries include decision making, interpersonal communication and personal resilience. It has been argued that these skills are key to effective performance, safety and welfare. However, there is no agreed upon set of such skills or formal means to identify and assess them for incident commanders in the UK fire and rescue service (FRS). The aim of this research was to identify the non-technical skills that underpin effective incident command in the UK FRS, and to develop a behavioural marker system that captures these skills. Our research assessed the current range of trai...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - February 8, 2019 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Assessing operational impacts of automation using functional resonance analysis method
AbstractInteraction with automated systems and other types of technologies seems inevitable and almost a requirement of human work. The aviation sector, and in particular air traffic control, is devoting considerable efforts towards automation, to respond to the increased demand for capacity. Project AUTOPACE investigated the impacts of foreseeable automation over human performance and behaviour. The purpose was to identify new training requirements for air traffic controllers under foreseeable automation scenarios. In addition to the research carried out under the remit of AUTOPACE, the functional resonance analysis metho...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - February 2, 2019 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Drivers ’ response to variable message signs (VMS) in Kuwait
AbstractVariable message signs (VMS) installed in Kuwait at different roads ’ locations to disseminate different types of information. This paper investigated the factors affecting drivers’ decision to switch the route under different VMS information. Data were collected using a stated preference survey. The survey included variables affecting drivers’ decisions, such as driver characteristics, drivers’ attitude, and perception towards current VMS information and traffic in general. Four types of information that a VMS could display were given. These included indicating congestion only, which is similar to the curr...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - January 10, 2019 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
