A combined multitasking performance measure involving sequential and parallel task executions
AbstractResearch on human multitasking suggests several measures to evaluate performance. However, the suggested measures evaluate performance either when tasks are performed sequentially, or when tasks are performed in a parallel manner. There is a lack of models with performance measures that consider concurrently sequential and parallel task execution. This paper aims to develop a measure of human performance that considers both sequential and parallel execution of tasks in multitasking conditions. First, the literature is reviewed to select a taxonomy to model the features and execution of tasks during multitasking. Ta...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - November 11, 2019 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Design of simulator training: a comparative study of Swedish dynamic decision-making training facilities
AbstractSimulator training is becoming increasingly important for training of time-critical and dynamic situations. Hence, how simulator training in such domains is planned, carried out and followed up becomes important. Based on a model prescribing such crucial aspects, ten decision-making training simulator facilities have been analyzed from an activity theoretical perspective. The analysis reveals several conflicts that exist between the training that is carried out and the defined training objectives. Although limitations in technology and organization are often alleviated by proficient instructors, it is concluded tha...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - November 11, 2019 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Unveil key functions in socio-technical systems: mapping FRAM into a multilayer network
AbstractNetwork theory has been widely used to describe many complex systems belonging to several fields from physics to sociology. Particularly interesting are multilayer networks which concurrently account for several types of relationships, without necessarily aggregating them. The functional resonance analysis method (FRAM) is an agnostic method (i.e., not making modeling assumptions) allowing semantically rich descriptions of the relationships among functions constituting a socio-technical system. This richness may soon become overwhelming in case of not trivial FRAM models. A multilayer network represents a promising...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - November 10, 2019 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Wearable cognitive assistants in a factory setting: a critical review of a promising way of enhancing cognitive performance and well-being
AbstractRapid technological innovations are constantly influencing the complexification and automatization of the work lines pushing human operators to use diverse cognitive processes for supervising complex industrial machines. This urges factories to offer wearable cognitive assistants to human operators to analyze, integrate and maintain a considerable amount of information. The aim of this review is twofold. First, we borrow theoretical elements from the working memory literature to question the way these wearable cognitive assistants could optimize human operators ’ cognitive load. Second, we argue that Technology A...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - November 10, 2019 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
The relationship between level of engagement in a non-driving task and driver response time when taking control of an automated vehicle
In this study, we conducted an experiment in a driving simulator, where the non-driving task involved playing a video game. We tested whether, after a take-over request (TOR), driver behaviour can be predicted from measures of game engagement. A sample of 28 participants drove in two counterbalanced conditions —manual driving and automated driving—and needed to change lanes at a certain time in their trip following auditory and visual requests. In the automated condition, drivers could play an endless runner game and were instructed to deactivate the automated mode to change lanes when they received a TOR. We used the ...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - October 31, 2019 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Evaluation research of the effects of diagrammatic guide signs with different complexities on driving behavior
AbstractMany diagrammatic guide signs in China have become much more complex and more difficult to read than those in other countries. Furthermore, there are few regulations or studies regarding diagrammatic guide signs in China. A driving simulator experiment was conducted to analyze the influence of five typical diagrammatic guide signs with different complexities on driving behavior and to evaluate their comprehensive guidance effectiveness via the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution. The rANOVA results indicated that different diagrammatic guide signs have significantly different impacts o...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - October 29, 2019 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Judgemental errors in aviation maintenance
This study asks why judgemental errors occur in maintenance. Referring to six aviation accidents, we show how various biases contributed to those accidents. We first filtered aviation accident reports, looking for accidents linked to errors in maintenance judgements. We analysed the investigation reports, as well as the relevant interview transcriptions. Then we set the characteristics of the actions behind the accidents within the context of the literature and the taxonomy of reasons for judgemental biases. Our results demonstrate how various biases, such as theory-induced blindness, optimistic bias, and substitution bias...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - October 27, 2019 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Mental workload evaluation and its application in train driving multitasking scheduling: a Timed Petri Net-based model
AbstractMental workload (MW) plays an important role in the task design of safety –critical systems, which varies across different operators in a given task and affects the performance. It is still a problem to provide a quantitative definition of MW and apply it to the system task optimization design more effectively. Based on this idea, this paper presents a Timed Petri Net ( TPN)-based MW evaluation model. The departure phase multitasking scheduling of train driving was treated as an application to concretely represent how does the model improve task design and performance based on the MW evaluation results of individ...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - October 23, 2019 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Special issue on shared and cooperative control
(Source: Cognition, Technology and Work)
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - October 23, 2019 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Formal or informal human collaboration approach to maritime safety using FRAM
AbstractIt has been argued that human and organizational factors are critical for accident analysis and safety management. The maritime domain represents a safety-critical system that has complex and temporary human collaborations. The level of collaboration includes not only human collaboration within a single ship, but also between ship-to-ship or ship-to-shore. From the safety-II perspective, these collaborations play a significant role in managing safety. Thus, this study suggests a framework to consider informal and temporary human collaborations using a functional resonance analysis method (FRAM) under the safety-II ...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - October 17, 2019 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
How do drivers merge heavy goods vehicles onto freeways? A semi-structured interview unveiling needs for communication and support
AbstractFreeway merging of heavy goods vehicles (HGV) is a safety –critical manoeuvre. However, at present, it is largely unknown how HGV drivers perceive and execute the merging manoeuvre, and how current advanced driver support and automation systems (ADAS) contribute. We performed semi-structured in-depth interviews with 15 HGV drivers to assess their visual and cognitive processes while merging, interactions with other road users, and attitudes towards ADAS as a basis for future support and automation system design. Results show that the reported execution of merging varies substantially between drivers. Drivers repo...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - October 3, 2019 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Exploring the relationships between single-vehicle traffic accident and driver ’s route familiarity on the mountainous highways
This study aimed to investigate relationships between mountainous highway single-vehicle traffic accident and route familiarity. Route familiarity is defined by the spatial distance between the accident occurring site and driver ’s residence in this research. Logistic regression analysis was used to study the relationships. The investigation results show that the odds of finding familiar driver involved in mountainous highway single-vehicle traffic accident is higher: in accidents that occur in the evening and at night; i n accidents that occur on the normal sections of the highways; in accidents that occurred when it is...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - September 24, 2019 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Pedagogical learning supports based on human –systems inclusion applied to rail flow control
AbstractThe paper presents the new concept on human –systems inclusion for designing, analyzing or evaluating human–machine systems and applied it to two case studies on rail flow control. Human–systems inclusion is related to the development of online learning abilities using pedagogical learning supports and aims at applying both automation-s upported human and human-supported automation processes in which a human is supported by automation or automation is supported by a human, respectively. Different learning supports are proposed: accident reports, course supports, internet accesses, simulators, technical system...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - September 23, 2019 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Challenges of translating Rasmussen ’s Accimap into a usable, sustainable, and useful incident reporting system: end-user attitudes following 12-month implementation
AbstractThere have been several calls within the accident analysis literature to translate systems thinking-based theories and accident analysis methods into practical and usable tools for practitioners. This paper reports on the findings from a post-implementation evaluation of an incident reporting system underpinned Rasmussen ’s (Saf Sci 27(2/3):183–213, 1997) risk-management framework and Accimap. An online survey was used to evaluate end-users’ use and attitudes towards the system after 12 months of implementation. While almost all respondents had used the incident reporting system to collect data, few had unde...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - September 20, 2019 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
Designing for self-organisation in sociotechnical systems: resilience engineering, cognitive work analysis, and the diagram of work organisation possibilities
AbstractIn designing sociotechnical systems, accounting for the phenomenon of self-organisation is critical. Empirical studies show that workers in these systems adapt not just their individual behaviours, but also their collective structures to deal with complex work environments. The concept of self-organisation can explain how such adaptations can be achieved spontaneously, continuously, and relatively seamlessly, and why this phenomenon is important for dealing with instability, uncertainty, and unpredictability in the task demands. However, existing design approaches such as resilience engineering and cognitive work a...
Source: Cognition, Technology and Work - September 19, 2019 Category: Information Technology Source Type: research
