Neuronavigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation as novel mapping technique provides insights into language function in primary progressive aphasia
AbstractNavigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (nrTMS) is an innovative technique that provides insight into language function with high accuracy in time and space. So far, nrTMS has mainly been applied in presurgical language mapping of patients with intracranial neoplasms. For the present study, nrTMS was used for language mapping in primary progressive aphasia (PPA). Seven patients (median age: 70 years, 4 males) with the non-fluent variant of PPA (nfvPPA) were included in this pilot study. Trains of nrTMS (5 Hz, 100% resting motor threshold) caused virtual lesions at 46 standardized cortical stimulati...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - December 28, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Correction to: Spindle ‑related brain activation in patients with insomnia disorder: An EEG‑fMRI study
(Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior)
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - December 13, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Mapping cortical disease-burden at individual-level in frontotemporal dementia: implications for clinical care and pharmacological trials
AbstractImaging studies of FTD typically present group-level statistics between large cohorts of genetically, molecularly or clinically stratified patients. Group-level statistics are indispensable to appraise unifying radiological traits and describe genotype-associated signatures in academic studies. However, in a clinical setting, the primary objective is the meaningful interpretation of imaging data from individual patients to assist diagnostic classification, inform prognosis, and enable the assessment of progressive changes compared to baseline scans. In an attempt to address the pragmatic demands of clinical imaging...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - December 9, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Ruminative reflection is associated with anticorrelations between the orbitofrontal cortex and the default mode network in depression: implications for repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
This study examined potential repetitive pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation prefrontal cortical targets that could modulate one or both of these rumination subtypes. Forty-three patients who took part in a trial of repetitive pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation completed the Rumination Response Scale questionnaire and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Seed to voxel functional connectivity analyses identified an anticorrelation between the left lateral orbitofrontal cortex ( −44, 26, −8;k = 172) with the default mode network-subgenual region in relation to higher levels of reflection. Par...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - December 3, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Decreased activity of piriform cortex and orbitofrontal hyperactivation in Usher Syndrome, a human disorder of ciliary dysfunction
This study suggests that olfactory deficits in USH can be objectively assessed using functional neuroimaging which reveals differential patterns of activity both in low- and high-level regions of the olfactory network. (Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior)
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - November 30, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Association of white matter volume with sleep quality: a voxel-based morphometry study
AbstractMany studies have focused on the gray matter volume associated with sleep quality, little is known about the relationship between white matter volume and sleep quality. Brain white structure is a crucial component in the structural neuroanatomy. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the association between white matter volume and sleep quality. Data were collected using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and voxel-based morphometry among 352 college students. Results showed that the global PSQI score was negatively associated with the white matter volume, including in the right middle occipital gyrus, the left ...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - November 30, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Brain structural and functional anomalies associated with simultanagnosia in patients with posterior cortical atrophy
AbstractSimultanagnosia is a common symptom of posterior cortical atrophy, and its association with brain structural and functional changes remains unclear. In our study, 18 posterior cortical atrophy patients with simultanagnosia, 29 patients with Alzheimer ’s disease and 20 cognitively normal controls were recruited and subjected to full neuropsychological evaluation, including simultanagnosia tests, and structural and resting-state functional MRI. The gray matter volume was assessed by voxel-based morphometry, while the intrinsic functional connect ivity was evaluated using the reduced gray matter volume regions of in...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - November 17, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
A systematic review of resting-state and task-based fmri in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
AbstractFunctional neuroimaging modalities have enhanced our understanding of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) underlying neural mechanisms. Due to its non-invasive, sensitive and analytical nature, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) provides valuable insights into relevant functional brain networks and their segregation and integration properties. We systematically reviewed the contribution of resting-state and task-based fMRI to the current understanding of the pathophysiology and the patterns of seizure propagation in JME Altogether, despite some discrepancies, functional findings suggest that corticothalamo-...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - November 17, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The central executive network and executive function in healthy and persons with schizophrenia groups: a meta-analysis of structural and functional MRI
AbstractThis meta-analysis evaluated the extent to which executive function can be understood with structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Studies included structural in schizophrenia (k = 8;n = 241) and healthy controls (k = 12;n = 1660), and functional in schizophrenia (k = 4; n = 104) and healthy controls (k = 12;n = 712). Results revealed a positive association in the brain behavior relationship when pooled across schizophrenia and control samples for structural (pr = 0.27) and functional (pr = 0.29) modalities. Subgroup analyses revealed no significant difference f...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - November 13, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Self-awareness for financial decision making abilities is linked to right temporal cortical thickness in older adults
AbstractEveryday financial decision making and the awareness of the integrity of one ’s financial decision making abilities (or financial awareness) are both critical to study in older adults as they can help identify those at risk for making suboptimal financial decisions and prevent financial loss. In the current study, we examined the cognitive and cortical thickness correlates of financial decision making and financial awareness in 59 community-dwelling participants co-enrolled in a larger study (mean age=68.35 years (SD=5.5), mean education=15.91 (SD=2.36), 61% = women, 67% = White, 30% = Black participants). Data f...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - November 10, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Predicting cognitive scores with graph neural networks through sample selection learning
AbstractAnalyzing the relation between intelligence and neural activity is of the utmost importance in understanding the working principles of the human brain in health and disease. In existing literature, functional brain connectomes have been used successfully to predict cognitive measures such as intelligence quotient (IQ) scores in both healthy and disordered cohorts using machine learning models. However, existing methods resort to flattening the brain connectome (i.e., graph) through vectorization which overlooks its topological properties. To address this limitation and inspired from the emerging graph neural networ...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - November 10, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The human raphe-hippocampal tract and affective sensitivity: a probabilistic tractography study
This study provides a technique to segment the human Raphe-Hippocampal tract and a translational knowledge that the tract in a human possesses consistent characteristics that have been found in rodent studies. (Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior)
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - November 10, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Effects of a physical activity intervention on brain atrophy in older adults at risk of dementia: a randomized controlled trial
AbstractLack of physical activity is a risk factor for dementia, however, the utility of interventional physical activity programs as a protective measure against brain atrophy and cognitive decline is uncertain. Here we present the effect of a randomized controlled trial of a 24-month physical activity intervention on global and regional brain atrophy as characterized by longitudinal voxel-based morphometry with T1-weighted MRI images. The study sample consisted of 98 participants at risk of dementia, with mild cognitive impairment or subjective memory complaints, and having at least one vascular risk factor for dementia,...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - November 10, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Altered structural brain networks in linguistic variants of frontotemporal dementia
AbstractSemantic (svPPA) and nonfluent (nfvPPA) variants of primary progressive aphasia (PPA) have recently been associated with distinct patterns of white matter and functional network alterations in left frontoinsular and anterior temporal regions, respectively. Little information exists, however, about the topological characteristics of gray matter covariance networks in these two PPA variants. In the present study, we used a graph theory approach to describe the structural covariance network organization in 34 patients with svPPA, 34 patients with nfvPPA and 110 healthy controls. All participants underwent a 3 T stru...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - November 10, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Brain-behavior investigation of potential cognitive markers of Alzheimer ’s disease in middle age: a multi-modal imaging study
This study suggests that virtual Morris Water Task performance is associated with medial temporal lobe integrity in middle age, a critical window for detection and prevention of Alzheimer’s disease, and may be useful as an early cogniti ve marker of Alzheimer’s disease risk. (Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior)
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - November 9, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
