White matter abnormalities in paediatric obsessive –compulsive disorder: a systematic review of diffusion tensor imaging studies
AbstractMicrostructural alterations in white matter are evident in obsessive –compulsive disorder (OCD) both in adult and paediatric populations. Paediatric patients go through the process of maturation and thus may undergo different pathophysiology than adult OCD. Findings from studies in paediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder have been inconsistent, possibly due to t heir small sample size or heterogeneous populations. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of white matter structures in paediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder and their correlation with clinical features. Based on PRISMA gu...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - March 20, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Internet addiction-induced brain structure and function alterations: a systematic review and meta-analysis of voxel-based morphometry and resting-state functional connectivity studies
AbstractInternet addiction (IA) is a growing social concern and has been intensively studied in recent years. Previous imaging studies have shown that IA may impair brain structure and function, but with no robust conclusions. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies in IA. Two separate meta-analyses were conducted for voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) studies. All meta-analyses were performed using two analysis methods activation likelihood estimation (ALE) and seed-based d mapping with permutation of subject images (SDM-PSI). The ALE a...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - March 11, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Altered dynamic functional connectivity associates with post-traumatic stress disorder
In this study, we specifically looked into dFC on a whole brain level, and we focused on critical regions such as DMN and cerebellum. To explore the characteristics of dFC among patients with PTSD, we collected rs-fMRI data from 27 PTSD patients and 30 healthy controls. The study also added a control group of 33 trauma-exposed individuals to further look into trauma impact. Utilizing group spatial independent component analysis (ICA), the dynamic properties on whole brain level were detected with sliding time window approach, and k-means clustering. Two reoccurring FC “States” were identified, with connections being mo...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - February 24, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Clustering of KOR PET images separates people with AUD into distinct responses to naltrexone
AbstractStriatal kappa opioid receptor (KOR) availability in 48 subjects with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) was previously found to be associated with degree of drinking following a week of naltrexone treatment (de Laat et al. Biological Psychiatry,86(11), 864-871,2019). The purpose of the current study was to determine if spectral clustering applied to previously acquired KOR images (with [11C]LY2795050 PET) could identify meaningful groupings of different responses to naltrexone and to assess the robustness of the finding. Spectral clustering was applied to 6 features (regional volume of distribution values, VT) per AUD s...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - January 25, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Consistent differences in brain structure and functional connectivity in high-altitude native Tibetans and immigrants
In conclusion, brain structural and functional network difference in both Tibetan natives and HA immigrants were largely consistent, with native Tibetans only showing more intense brain modulation. Different populations acclimatized to HA develop similar brain mechanisms to cope with hostile HA environmental factors. (Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior)
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - January 25, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Altered microstructural pattern of the cortex and basal forebrain cholinergic system in wilson ’s disease: an automated fiber quantification tractography study
AbstractBasal forebrain (BF) cholinergic projection neurons form a highly extensive input to the cortex. Failure of BF cholinergic circuits is responsible for the cognitive impairment associated with Wilson ’s disease (WD), but whether and how the microstructural changes in fiber projections between the BF and cerebral cortex influence prospective memory (PM) remain poorly understood. We collected diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data from 21 neurological WD individuals and 26 healthy controls (HCs). T he experiment reconstructed the probabilistic streamlined tractography of 18 white matter tracts using an automated fiber ...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - January 24, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Short-term Medication Effects on Brain Functional Activity and Network Architecture in First-Episode psychosis: a longitudinal fMRI study
This study provides new evidence regarding alterations in brain function lin ked to schizophrenia onset and affected by antipsychotic medications. Moreover, our results demonstrated that the functional alterations at baseline were not fully modulated by antipsychotic medications, suggesting that antipsychotic medications may reduce psychotic symptoms but limit the effects in regions involved in disease pathophysiology. (Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior)
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - January 17, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
18F-FDG PET and a classifier algorithm reveal a characteristic glucose metabolic pattern in adult patients with moyamoya disease and vascular cognitive impairment
This study aimed to identify the metabolic signature of cognitive impairment in patients with MMD using18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) and establish a classifier to identify VCI in patients with MMD. One hundred fifty-two patients with MMD who underwent brain18F-FDG PET scans before surgery were enrolled and classified into nonvascular cognitive impairment (non-VCI, n = 52) and vascular cognitive impairment (VCI, n = 100) groups according to neuropsychological test results. Additionally, thirty-three health controls (HCs) were also enrolled. Compared to HCs, patients in th...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - January 13, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Meta-analytic connectivity modelling of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies in autism spectrum disorders
AbstractSocial and non-social deficits in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) persist into adulthood and may share common regions of aberrant neural activations. The current meta-analysis investigated activation differences between ASD and neurotypical controls irrespective of task type. Activation likelihood estimation meta-analyses were performed to examine consistent hypo-activated and/or hyper-activated regions for all tasks combined, and for social and non-social tasks separately; meta-analytic connectivity modelling and behavioral/paradigm analyses were performed to examine co-activated regions and associated behaviors. ...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - January 12, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
BDNF rs6265 differentially influences neurometabolites in the anterior cingulate of healthy and bipolar disorder subjects
AbstractBrain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is the most abundant brain neurotrophin and plays a critical role in neuronal growth, survival and plasticity, implicated in the pathophysiology of Bipolar Disorders (BD). The single-nucleotide polymorphism in theBDNF gene (BDNF rs6265) has been associated with decreased hippocampal BDNF secretion and volume inmet carriers in different populations, although theval allele has been reported to be more frequent in BD patients. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is a key center integrating cognitive and affective neuronal connections, where consistent alterations in brain metab...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - January 11, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Cingulate prediction of response to antidepressant and cognitive behavioral therapies for depression: Meta-analysis and empirical application
AbstractWe sought to identify baseline (pre-treatment) neural markers associated with treatment response in major depressive disorder (MDD), specific to treatment type, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) or pharmacotherapy (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors; SSRI). We conducted a meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies to identify neural prognostic indicators of response to CBT or SSRI. To verify the regions derived from literature, the meta-analytic regions were used to predict clinical change in a verification sample of participants with MDD who received either CBT (n = 60) or an S...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - January 9, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Aberrant white matter microstructure evaluation by automated fiber quantification in typhoon-related post-traumatic stress disorder
AbstractSuper typhoons can lead to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which can adversely affect a person ’s mental health after a disaster. Neuroimaging studies suggest that patients with PTSD may have post-exposure abnormalities of the white matter. However, little is known about these defects, if they are localized to specific regions of the white matter fibers, or whether they may be potential bio markers for PTSD. Typhoon survivors with PTSD (n = 27), trauma-exposed controls (TEC) (n = 33), and healthy controls (HCs) (n = 30) were enrolled. We used automated fiber quantification (AFQ) to process the ...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - December 28, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Smaller amygdala subnuclei volume in schizophrenia patients with violent behaviors
AbstractTo investigate the association between the volume of amygdala subnuclei and violent behaviors in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ). In the present study, we recruited 40 SCZ patients with violent behaviors (VS), 26 SCZ patients without violent behaviors (NVS), and 28 matched healthy controls (HC) who completed T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Both the total amygdala and amygdala subnuclei volumes were estimated with FreeSurfer. When comparing the SCZ patients with HC, SCZ patients had a smaller volume of the left basal nucleus (P < 0.05, uncorrected). Further, the VS patients had a smaller volume of ...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - December 24, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Hormonal factors moderate the associations between vascular risk factors and white matter hyperintensities
AbstractTo examine the moderation effects of hormonal factors on the associations between vascular risk factors and white matter hyperintensities in men and women, separately. White matter hyperintensities were automatically segmented and quantified in the UK Biobank dataset (N = 18,294). Generalised linear models were applied to examine (1) the main effects of vascular and hormonal factors on white matter hyperintensities, and (2) the moderation effects of hormonal factors on the relationship between vascular risk factors and white matter hyperintensities volumes. In men with testosterone levels one standard deviat...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - December 21, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Neural similarity across task load relates to cognitive reserve and brain maintenance measures on the Letter Sternberg task: a longitudinal study
AbstractThe aging process is characterized by change across several measures that index cognitive status and brain integrity. In the present study, 54 cognitively-healthy younger and older adults, were analyzed, longitudinally, on a verbal working memory task to investigate the effect of brain maintenance (i.e., cortical thickness) and cognitive reserve (i.e., NART IQ as proxy) factors on a derived measure of neural efficiency. Participants were scanned using fMRI while presented with the Letter Sternberg task, a verbal working memory task consisting of encoding, maintenance and retrieval phases, where cognitive load is ma...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - December 9, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
