Altered cerebral blood flow in older adults with Alzheimer ’s disease: a systematic review
AbstractThe prevalence of Alzheimer ’s disease is projected to reach 13 million in the U.S. by 2050. Although major efforts have been made to avoid this outcome, so far there are no treatments that can stop or reverse the progressive cognitive decline that defines Alzheimer’s disease. The utilization of preventative treatment bef ore significant cognitive decline has occurred may ultimately be the solution, necessitating a reliable biomarker of preclinical/prodromal disease stages to determine which older adults are most at risk. Quantitative cerebral blood flow is a promising potential early biomarker for Alzheimer...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - December 9, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Beauty affects fairness: facial attractiveness alters neural responses to unfairness in the ultimatum game
In this study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and examined the effects of facial attractiveness on brain responses to fair and unfair offers in the UG. Behavioral data showed that subjects were overall prone to refuse unfair offers across conditions but were more likely to accept unfair offers from higher facial attractive proposers than those from lower facial attractive proposers. Imaging data showed that unfair offers induced greater activity in the anterior insula and medial prefrontal cortex (MePFC) compared to those in fair offers condition for both high and low facial attractive proposers. More...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - December 1, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Semantic fluency deficits and associated brain activity in Parkinson ’s disease with mild cognitive impairment
This study examines the neural mechanisms underpinning semantic fluency deficits in patients with PD with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) compared to those without MCI (PD-NC) and control participants withou t PD (non-PD). Thirty-seven (37) participants with PD completed a cognitive assessment battery to identify MCI (13 PD-MCI). Twenty sex- and age-matched non-PD patients also participated. Participants were scanned (3T Siemens PRISMA) while performing semantic fluency, semantic switching, and automati c speech tasks. The number of responses and fMRI data for semantic generation and semantic switching were analyzed. Pa...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - December 1, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Structural connectome-based prediction of trait anxiety
AbstractNeurobiological research on anxiety has shown that trait-anxious individuals may be characterized by weaker structural connectivity of the amygdala-prefrontal circuitry, representing a reduced capacity for efficient communication between the two brain regions. However, comparison of available studies has been inconsistent, possibly related to factors such as aging that influences both trait anxiety and structural connectivity of the brain. To help clarify the nature of brain-anxiety relationship, we applied a connectome-based predictive modeling framework on 148 diffusion-weighted imaging data from the Leipzig Stud...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - December 1, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Neural mechanisms underlying empathy during alcohol abstinence: evidence from connectome-based predictive modeling
In this study, we employed connectome-based predictive modeling (CPM) by using whole brain resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) to predict empathy capability of abstinent alcoholics (n = 47) versus healthy controls (n = 59). In addition, the generalizability of the predictive model (i.e., one group treated as a training dataset and another one treated as a test dataset) was performed to determine whether healthy controls and abstinent alcoholics share common neural finger prints of empathy. Our results showed that abstinent alcoholics relative to healthy controls had decreased empathy capacity. Although n...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - December 1, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Alternations of interhemispheric functional connectivity in patients with optic neuritis using voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity: A resting state fMRI study
ConclusionAbnormal VMHC values may reflect the underlying neuropathologic mechanism of ON. (Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior)
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - November 28, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Mental imagery content is associated with disease severity and specific brain functional connectivity changes in patients with Parkinson ’s disease
In this study, we further examined the neural correlates of the motor enhancement as a result of the VI training by analyzing the self-reported VI content duri ng daily practice and relating its quality to the functional connectivity characteristics of the same subjects. We demonstrated that the VI practice encompassed multisensory, spatial, affective, and executive processes all of which are also important for motor function in real life. Subjects with wo rse global disease severity also showed poorer quality of the VI content. Finally, the quality of the VI content showed significant positive correlations with the functi...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - November 25, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Automatic diagnosis of late-life depression by 3D convolutional neural networks and cross-sample Entropy analysis from resting-state fMRI
AbstractResting-state fMRI has been widely used in investigating the pathophysiology of late-life depression (LLD). Unlike the conventional linear approach, cross-sample entropy (CSE) analysis shows the nonlinear property in fMRI signals between brain regions. Moreover, recent advances in deep learning, such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs), provide a timely application for understanding LLD. Accurate and prompt diagnosis is essential in LLD; hence, this study aimed to combine CNN and CSE analysis to discriminate LLD patients and non-depressed comparison older adults based on brain resting-state fMRI signals. Sevent...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - November 24, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Enhanced intrathalamic morphological connectivity in patients with chronic insomnia
This study aimed to systematically investigate abnormal morphological connectivity in subregions of the thalamus and examine the clinical relevance of this connectivity in patients with chronic insomnia. One hundred and two patients with chronic insomnia (aged 45.50 [34.75 ~ 58.00] years; 24 men, 78 women) and one hundred and one healthy controls (aged 45.00 [34.00 ~ 55.00] years; 32 men, 69 women) were recruited. Intrathalamic and thalamocortical morphological connectivity in the thalamic subregions defined in the Human Brainnetome Atlas were computed and co mpared between the two groups. Spearman’s correlation...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - November 24, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Default mode network mechanisms of repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation in heroin addiction
AbstractRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has been shown to reduce cravings in heroin-dependent (HD) individuals, but the mechanisms underlying the anti-craving effects of rTMS are unknown. Abnormalities in the default mode network (DMN) are known to be consistent findings in HD individuals and are involved in cravings. We assessed the effect of rTMS on DMN activity and its relationship to the treatment response. Thirty HD individuals were included in this self-controlled study, and all HD participants received 10-Hz rTMS 7-session during a week. Data f...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - November 23, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Are inter-subject functional correlations consistent across different movies?
AbstractMovie fMRI has been increasingly used in investigations of human brain function. Inter-subject functional correlation (ISFC), which evaluates stimulus-dependent inter-regional synchrony between brains exposed to the same stimulus, is emerging as an influencing measure for movie fMRI data analyses. Before the wide application of ISFC analyses, it will be useful to investigate the degree to which they are similar and different across different movies. Based on the four movie fMRI runs of 178 subjects included in the “human connectome project (HCP) S1200 Release”, we evaluated ISFCs throughout the brain and analyz...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - November 23, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Cognitive changes are associated with increased blood-brain barrier leakage in non-brain metastases lung cancer patients
AbstractTo explore the relationship between cognitive function and blood –brain barrier leakage in non-brain metastasis lung cancer and healthy controls. 75 lung cancers without brain metastasis and 29 healthy controls matched with age, sex, and education were evaluated by cognitive assessment, and the Patlak pharmacokinetic model was used to calculate the average leak age in each brain region according to the automated anatomical labeling atlas. After that, the relationships between cognitive and blood–brain barrier leakage were evaluated. Compared with healthy controls, the leakage of bilateral temporal gyrus and who...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - November 22, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The relationship between Central Nervous System morphometry changes and key symptoms in Crohn ’s disease
AbstractAlterations in grey matter volume (GMV) and cortical thickness (CT) in Crohn ’s disease (CD) patients has been previously documented. However, the findings are inconsistent, and not a true representation of CD burden, as only CD patients in remission have been studied thus far. We investigate alterations in brain morphometry in patients with active CD and those in remissio n, and study relationships between brain structure and key symptoms of fatigue, abdominal pain, and extraintestinal manifestations (EIM). Magnetic Resonance Imaging brain scans were collected in 89 participants; 34 CD participants with active ...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - November 21, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Multimodal-neuroimaging machine-learning analysis of motor disability in multiple sclerosis
AbstractMotor disability is a dominant and restricting symptom in multiple sclerosis, yet its neuroimaging correlates are not fully understood. We apply statistical and machine learning techniques on multimodal neuroimaging data to discriminate between multiple sclerosis patients and healthy controls and to predict motor disability scores in the patients. We examine the data of sixty-four multiple sclerosis patients and sixty-five controls, who underwent the MRI examination and the evaluation of motor disability scales. The modalities used comprised regional fractional anisotropy, regional grey matter volumes, and function...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - November 17, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Resting state fMRI analysis of pseudobulbar affect in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS): motor dysfunction of emotional expression
AbstractPseudobulbar affect (PBA), referring to exaggerated or inappropriate episodes of laughing and/or crying without an apparent motivating stimulus, has been mainly attributed to bilateral degeneration of corticobulbar tracts. We aimed at exploring brain functional connectivity (FC) correlates of PBA in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the most common motor neuron disease, frequently associated with PBA. Resting state functional MRI (RS-fMRI) independent component (ICA) and seed-based analyses and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) whole-brain analysis were performed on 27 ALS patients (13 with PBA; 14 wit...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - November 12, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
