Structural and functional alterations within the Papez circuit in subacute stroke patients
In this study, we mainly focused on structures and directed functional connectivity within the Papez circuit in subacute stroke patients. Forty-five stroke patients and thirty-four age-, sex-matched healthy controls were included in our study. The Papez circuit gray matter were measured to explore ischemia-induced structural alterations. And Granger causality analysis with the hippocampus as seed regions was performed to identify alterations of directional functional connectivity within the neural circuit. We also explored the associations between cerebral changes with cognitive status. Compared with healthy controls, stro...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - October 12, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on brain changes and relation to cognition in patients with schizophrenia: a fMRI study
AbstractWe studied brain changes during an N-back task before and after 10 sessions of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and its relation to cognitive changes. This was a double-blind, sham-controlled, randomized study of tDCS in 27 patients with schizophrenia. They performed an N-back task in a 3 T scanner before and after receiving the 10 tDCS sessions. Cognitive performance outside the fMRI session was assessed using the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery and other tests at baseline and several time points after 10 sessions of tDCS. During the N-back task performed during fMRI scans, co mparing the 0-bac...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - October 1, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Study on the changes of Structural Covariance Network in post-traumatic stress disorder
AbstractThe topological properties of functional brain networks in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been thoroughly examined, whereas the topology of structural covariance networks has been researched much less. Based on graph theoretical approaches, we investigated the topological architecture of structural covariance networks among PTSD, trauma-exposed controls (TEC), and healthy controls (HC) by constructing covariance networks driven by inter-regional correlations of cortical thickness. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) scans and clinical scales were performed on 27 PTSD, 33 TEC, and 29 HC subjects...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - October 1, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Neural activities during the Processing of unattended and unseen emotional faces: a voxel-wise Meta-analysis
AbstractVoxel-wise meta-analyses of task-evoked regional activity were conducted for healthy individuals during the unconscious processing of emotional and neutral faces with an aim to examine whether and how different experimental paradigms influenced brain activation patterns. Studies were categorized into sensory and attentional unawareness paradigms. Thirty-four fMRI studies including 883 healthy participants were identified. Across experimental paradigms, unaware emotional faces elicited stronger activation of the limbic system, striatum, inferior frontal gyrus, insula and the temporal lobe, compared to unaware neutra...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - October 1, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Reduced cortical complexity in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy
AbstractPsychical and functional disturbances of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) patients are drawing increasingly attention, despite the characterized ophthalmic symptoms. We aimed to investigate the alterations of structural complexity using fractal dimension (FD) analysis in patients with TAO. Thirty-nine TAO patients and 25 healthy controls underwent high-resolution 3.0 T structural brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). FD values of brain regions were calculated by Computational Anatomy Toolbox (CAT12) and compared between groups. The associations between clinical variables and FD values were further estima...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - October 1, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The hypertrophic amygdala shape associated with anxiety in patients with primary dysmenorrhea during pain-free phase: insight from surface-based shape analysis
ConclusionsThe results of the current study demonstrated that the localized amygdala shape hypertrophy was present in PDM patients even in the pain-free phase. In addition, the mediator role of the hypertrophic amygdala indicates the potential target of amygdala for anxiety treatment in PDM treatment in the pain-free phase. (Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior)
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - October 1, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Neural correlates of embodied action language processing: a systematic review and meta-analytic study
AbstractThe neural correlates of action language processing are still debated within embodied cognition research and little is known about the flexible involvement of modality-specific pre-motor system and multimodal high-level temporo-parietal regions as a function of explicit and implicit tasks. A systematic review and the Activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analyses on functional neuroimaging studies were performed to identify neural correlates of action language processing activated during explicit and implicit tasks. The contrast ALE meta-analysis revealed activation of modality-specific premotor area and infe...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - October 1, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Minimal scanning duration for producing individualized repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation targets
This study aimed to determine the minimal scanning duration of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) for producing individualized repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) targets that are superior to the group-level targets. This study included 30 healthy subjects and 20 depressive patients with high-sampled fMRI data (> 69 min). We computed suboptimal targets by gradually increasing the scanning duration beginning at 6 min. The suboptimal target connectivity and spatial distance to the optimal target (based on the full-duration scanning data) were compared to an anatomically fixed target from a g...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - October 1, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The atypical functional connectivity of Broca ’s area at multiple frequency bands in autism spectrum disorder
In conclusion, the abnormal functional connectivity in patients with ASD has frequency-specific properties. Furthermore, the slow-5 frequency band (0.01–0.027 Hz) mainly contributed to the findings of the conventional frequency band (0.01–0.08 Hz). The current study might shed n ew light on the neural pathophysiological mechanism of language impairments in people with ASD. (Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior)
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - September 26, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Sleep duration is associated with Caudate volume and executive function
In this study, we examined the caudate volume in youth to older adults (10 to 85 years old) with a greater sample size (N = 464). The volumetric size of the caudate nucleus showed significantly positive association with habitual sleep duration, especially in younger population. Sleep duration showed a significant association with executive function performance. However, caudate volume did not significantly predict executive function. Our results suggested that sleep duration is associated with the caudate volume and executive function. It is also suggested that there are some external mechanisms that modulate executive...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - September 22, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Partial recovery of the left DLPFC-right insula circuit with reduced craving in abstinent heroin users: a longitudinal study
AbstractThe phenomenon of brain recovery after long-term abstinence has been reported in substance use disorders. However, few longitudinal studies have been conducted to observe the potential recovery in heroin users, and little is known about the neural mechanism underlying the decreased craving after prolonged abstinence. The 8-month longitudinal study was carried out in 29 heroin users and 30 healthy controls. By choosing the L_DLPFC, which was activated by the heroin cue as the seeding region, different brain connection patterns were compared between healthy controls and heroin users by using Granger causality analy...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - September 22, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The resting-state topological organization damage of language-related brain regions in post-stroke cognitive impairment
AbstractThe topology of brain networks is the foundation of cognition. We hypothesized that stroke damaged topological organization resulting in cognitive impairment. The aim was to explore the damage pattern of the resting-state topology in post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) patients. Thirty-seven patients with PSCI and thirty-seven gender- and age-matched healthy controls (HC) were recruited. The structural and functional data were collected from all subjects. The degree centrality (DC), betweenness centrality (BC), and global properties of brain networks were analyzed between groups. Spearman correlation analysis...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - September 22, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Demographic reporting across a decade of neuroimaging: a systematic review
The objective of this systematic review was to report on the demographics of neuroimaging studies using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The Web of Science database was used and data collection was performed between June 2021 to November 2021; all articles were reviewed independently by at least two researchers. Articles utilizing MR data acquired in the United States, with n ≥ 10 human subjects, and published between 2010–2020 were included. Non-primary research articles and those published in journals that did not meet a quality control check were excluded. Of the 408 studies meeting inclusion criteria, approxi...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - September 17, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Common and distinct neural substrates of the compassionate and uncompassionate self-responding dimensions of self-compassion
AbstractSelf-compassion is beneficial for individuals ’ emotional health, but debates regarding its conceptualization are increasing. The present study aimed to explore the neural basis of self-compassion and its compassionate and uncompassionate dimensions and the indirect path from neural basis to emotional health. Structural MRI and Resting-state fMRI data were used to measure the gray matter volume (GMV) and the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) in 88 healthy college students. We found that individuals with higher self-compassion had decreased GMV in the prefrontal cortex, cerebellum as well as lower ALFF...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - September 17, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Behavioral and brain functional characteristics of children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity disorder and anxiety trait
AbstractThe current study aimed to explore the behavioral, daily-life executive functional, and brain functional connectivity patterns in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and anxiety. A total of 246 children with non-comorbid ADHD and 91 healthy controls (HCs) participated in the current study, among whom 175 subjects went through resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans. The ADHD participants were divided into two subgroups: ADHD with a high level of anxiety (ADHD + ANX) and ADHD with a low level of anxiety (ADHD-ANX). The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Be...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - September 9, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
