Brain structure and perfusion in relation to serum renal function indexes in healthy young adults
AbstractPrior neuroimaging studies of the relationship between the kidney and the brain have been limited to clinical populations and have largely relied on a single modality. We sought to examine the kidney-brain associations in healthy subjects using a combined analysis of multi-modal imaging data. Structural, diffusion, and perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were performed to measure cortical thickness, white matter integrity, and cerebral blood flow in 157 healthy young adults. Peripheral venous blood samples were collected to measure serum renal function indexes. Correlation analyses were performed to in...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - October 28, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Are attention and cognitive control altered by fMRI scanner environment? Evidence from Go/No-go tasks in ADHD
AbstractIt is widely assumed that cognitive processes studied in fMRI are equivalent to cognitive processes engaged in the same experimental paradigms in typical behavioral lab settings. Yet very few studies examined this common assumption, and the results have been equivocal. In the current study we directly tested the effects of fMRI environment on sustained attention and response inhibition, using a Go/No-go task, among participants with (n = 42) and without (n = 21) attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Participants with ADHD are characterized by deficits in these cognitive functions and may be parti...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - October 27, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Participant factors that contribute to magnetic resonance imaging motion artifacts in children with mild traumatic brain injury or orthopedic injury
This study evaluated qualitative and quantitative approaches to motion artifacts detection and correction, and whether motion artifacts relate to injury history, age, or sex in children with mild traumatic brain injury or orthopedic injury relative to typically developing children. The concordance between qualitative and quantitative motion ratings was also examined. Children aged 8 –16 years with mild traumatic brain injury (n = 141) or orthopedic injury (n = 73) were recruited from the emergency department and completed an MRI scan roughly 2 weeks post-injury. Typically developing children (n = 41) comple...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - October 25, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

The colors of our brain: an integrated approach for dimensionality reduction and explainability in fMRI through color coding (i-ECO)
In conclusion, this study provides evidence for an integrative and easy-to-understand approach in the analysis and visualization of fMRI results. A high discriminative power for psychiatric conditions was reached. This proof-of-work study may serve to investigate further developments over more extensive datasets covering a wider range of psychiatric diagnoses. (Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior)
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - October 24, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Functional abnormality in the sensorimotor system attributed to NRXN1 variants in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
AbstractImpaired sensorimotor circuits have been suggested in Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).NRXN1, highly expressed in cortex and cerebellum, was one of the candidate risk genes for ADHD, while its effects on sensorimotor circuits are unclear. In this content, we aimed to investigate the differential brain effects as functions of the cumulative genetic effects ofNRXN1 variants in ADHD and healthy controls (HCs), identifying a potential pathway mapping fromNRXN1, sensorimotor circuits, to ADHD. Magnetic resonance imaging, blood samples and clinical assessments were acquired from 53 male ADHD and 46 sex-mat...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - October 23, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research