Altered spontaneous regional brain activity in ventromedial prefrontal cortex and visual area of expert table tennis athletes
AbstractSports training may lead to functional changes in the brain, and different types of sports, including table tennis, have different influences on these changes. However, the effects of long-term table tennis practice on brain function in expert athletes are largely undefined. Here, we investigated spontaneous regional brain activity characteristics of expert table tennis athletes by using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to compare differences between 25 athletes and 33 age- and sex-matched non-athletes. We analyzed four metrics —amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF), fractional ALFF, re...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - January 22, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
A short-interval longitudinal study of associations between psychological distress and hippocampal grey matter in early adolescence
This study of Australian adolescents (N = 88, 12-13-years-old) investigated the relationship between hippocampal grey matter volume (GMV) and self-reported psychological distress (K10) at four timepoints, across 12 months. Participants were divided into two groups; those who had K10 scores between 10 and 15 for all four timepoints we re categorised as “low distress” (i.e., control group;n = 38), while participants who had K10 scores of 16 or higher at least once over the year were categorised as “moderate-high distress” (n = 50). Associations were tested by GEE fitting of GMV and K10 measures at the sam...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - January 13, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The Association of Upper Airway Anatomy with Brain Structure: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
AbstractSleep apnea, affecting an estimated 1 in 4 American adults, has been reported to be associated with both brain structural abnormality and impaired cognitive function. Obstructive sleep apnea is known to be affected by upper airway anatomy. To better understand the contribution of upper airway anatomy to pathways linking sleep apnea with impaired cognitive function, we investigated the association of upper airway anatomy with structural brain abnormalities. Based in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, a longitudinal cohort study of community-dwelling adults, a comprehensive sleep study and an MRI of the upper...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - January 9, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Aberrant function of the salience network related to maltreatment experiences during thought –action fusion
AbstractChildhood maltreatment (CM) causes early deviations in cognitive and affective processes, leading to future adaptation failures and psychopathology. Specifically, CM has been linked to cognitive distortions, and recent studies have focused on the impact of CM on the higher level of metacognitive beliefs. However, only a few studies have revealed the neural mechanisms underlying the association between altered metacognition and CM. Therefore, this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study investigated the neural correlates of thought –action fusion (TAF) tendency and CM experiences. Overall, 40 young and ...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - January 3, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Atrophy patterns in hippocampus and amygdala subregions of depressed patients with Parkinson's disease
AbstractWe aimed to explore the subregional atrophy patterns of the amygdala and hippocampus in Parkinson's disease (PD) with depression and their correlation with the severity of the depressive symptom. MRI scans were obtained for 34 depressed PD patients (DPD), 22 nondepressed PD patients (NDPD), and 28 healthy controls (HC). Amygdala and hippocampal subregions were automatically segmented, and the intergroup volume difference was compared. The relationships between the volumes of the subregions and depression severity were investigated. Logistic analysis and Receiver operator characteristic curve were used to find indep...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - January 3, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Using ALE coordinate-based meta-analysis to observe resting-state brain abnormalities in subjective tinnitus
Conclusions: This meta-analysis demonstrates a unique pattern of resting-state brain abnormalities involving both the auditory and non-auditory brain regions as neuroimaging markers, which helps understand the neuro-pathophysiolog ical mechanisms of tinnitus. (Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior)
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - January 3, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Aging pattern of the brainstem based on volumetric measurement and optimized surface shape analysis
This study aimed to examine the age- and sex-related differences in the global and local structural measures of the brainstem in 187 healthy adults (ranging in age from 18 to 70 years) using structural magnetic resonance imaging. The findings showed a significant negative age effect on the volume of the two major components of the brainstem: the medulla oblongata and midbrain. The shape analysis revealed that atrophy primarily occurs in specific structures, such as the py ramid, cerebral peduncle, superior and inferior colliculi. Surface area and shape analysis showed a trend of flattening in the aging brainstem. There w...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - December 29, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Grey matter structural alterations in anxiety disorders: a voxel-based meta-analysis
In conclusion, the current study has identified some abnormal GMV brain regions that are related to the pathological mechanisms of anxiety disorders. These findings could contribute to a bette r understanding of the underlying neuropathology of ADs. (Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior)
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - December 27, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Connectome architecture modulates the gray matter atrophy in major depression disorder patients with diverse suicidal ideations
This study aimed to examine the GM atrophy in MDD patients with diverse suicidal ideations (SIs) and to explore whether those alterations were driven by connections. GM volume was estimated in 163 patients with recurrent MDD (comprising 122 with SI [MDDSI] and 41 without SI [MDDNSI]) and 134 health controls (HCs). A two-sample t-test was used to identify GM volume abnormalities in MDD patients and their subgroups. Functional connectivity was computed between p airs of aberrant GM in both patients and HCs, which were further compared with the connectivity of random brain regions. A permutation test was performed to assess...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - December 26, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Disrupted morphological brain network organization in subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment
AbstractWe aim to investigate the alterations in gray matter for subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from the perspective of the human connectome. High-resolution T1-weighted images were acquired from 54 patients with SCD, 95 patients with MCI, and 65 healthy controls (HC). Morphological brain networks (MBN) were constructed using similarities in the distribution of gray matter volumes between regions. The strength of morphological connections and topographic metrics derived from the graph-theoretical analysis were compared. Furthermore, we assessed the relationship between the observed m...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - December 26, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Radiomic features of the hippocampal based on magnetic resonance imaging in the menopausal mouse model linked to neuronal damage and cognitive deficits
This study set out to explore the correlation between radiomics features based on MRI and pathological features of the hippocampus and cognitive function in the PMW mouse model. Ovariectomized (OVX) mice were used as PWM models. MRI scans were performed two months after surgery. The brain ’s hippocampal region was manually annotated, and the radiomic features were extracted with PyRadiomics. Chemiluminescence was used to evaluate the peripheral blood estrogen level of mice, and the Morris water maze test was used to evaluate the cognitive ability of mice. Nissl staining and immunof luorescence were used to quantify neuro...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - December 16, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Similarities and differences of dynamic and static spontaneous brain activity between left and right temporal lobe epilepsy
AbstractTo comprehensively investigate the potential temporal dynamic and static abnormalities of spontaneous brain activity (SBA) in left temporal lobe epilepsy (LTLE) and right temporal lobe epilepsy (RTLE) and to detect whether these alterations correlate with cognition. Twelve SBA metrics, including ALFF, dALFF, fALFF, dfALFF, ReHo, dReHo, DC, dDC, GSCorr, dGSCorr, VMHC, and dVMHC, in 46 LTLE patients, 43 RTLE patients, and 53 healthy volunteers were compared in the voxel-wise analysis. Correlation analyses between metrics in regions showing statistic differences and epilepsy duration, epilepsy severity, and cognition ...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - December 12, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Altered regional homogeneity following moxibustion in mild cognitive impairment
This study aimed to investigate the alterations in spontaneous brain activity and cognitive function following moxibustion therapy in MCI patients. This study enrolled a cohort of 33 MCI subjects and 30 matched healthy controls (HCs). MCI subjects underwent a two-month regimen of moxibustion. Employing resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, we utilized regional homogeneity (ReHo) analysis to evaluate the changes in brain activity. Cognitive function was evaluated by using the Mini-Mental State Examination and Montreal Cognitive Assessment. There existed aberrant ReHo values in different brain areas mainly inv...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - December 12, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Cortical thickness of the inferior parietal lobule as a potential predictor of relapse in men with alcohol dependence
This study enrolled 58 male patients with alcohol dependence who had undergone acute detoxification. General demographic information and clinical features were collected. Magnetic resonance imaging data were used to measure cortical thickness across 34 regions of the brain. Patients were followed up at six months, and 51 patients completed the follow-up visit. These patients were divided into a relapser and an abstainer group. A binary logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the potential risk factors of relapse. Compared to abstainers, relapsers showed higher inattention and non-planning impulsivity on ...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - December 11, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
An amygdala-centered effective connectivity network in trait anxiety
AbstractPrevious studies have established that the amygdala plays an important role in trait anxiety. However, there remains limited knowledge regarding the changes in amygdala-centered effective connectivity network associated with this trait. The current study employed the Granger Causal analysis to investigate the directional connectivity patterns involving the amygdala in relation to trait anxiety in a large cohort of young adults (N = 424). The results revealed a negative association between trait anxiety scores and the Granger causality from the left middle frontal gyrus and right superior frontal gyrus to the ri...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - December 11, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
