Prenatal depression exposure alters white matter integrity and neurodevelopment in early childhood
AbstractPrenatal exposure to maternal depression increases the risk for onset of emotional and behavioral disorders in children. We investigated the effects of exposure to prenatal depression on white matter microstructural integrity at birth and at 2-3 years, and associated neurodevelopment. Diffusion-weighted images were acquired for children of the Drakenstein Child Health Study at 2-4 weeks postpartum (n=70, 47% boys) and at 2-3 years of age (n=60, 58% boys). Tract-Based Spatial Statistics was used to compare, using an ROI based approach, diffusion tensor metrics across groups defined by presence (>19 on Beck ’s D...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - January 9, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Abnormal global-brain functional connectivity and its relationship with cognitive deficits in drug-naive first-episode adolescent-onset schizophrenia
AbstractAbnormal functional connectivity (FC) has been reported in drug-naive first-episode adolescent-onset schizophrenia (AOS) with inconsistent results due to differently selected regions of interest. The voxel-wise global-brain functional connectivity (GFC) analysis can help explore abnormal FC in an unbiased way in AOS. A total of 48 drug-naive first-episode AOS as well as 31 sex-, age- and education-matched healthy controls were collected. Data were subjected to GFC, correlation analysis and support vector machine analyses. Compared with healthy controls, the AOS group exhibited increased GFC in the right middle fron...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - January 8, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Shared increased entropy of brain signals across patients with different mental illnesses: A coordinate-based activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis
AbstractEntropy is a measurement of brain signal complexity. Studies have found increased/decreased entropy of brain signals in psychiatric patients. There is no consistent conclusion regarding the relationship between the entropy of brain signals and mental illness. Therefore, this meta-analysis aimed to identify consistent abnormalities in the brain signal entropy in patients with different mental illnesses. We conducted a systematic search to collect resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) studies in patients with psychiatric disorders. This work identified 9 eligible rs-fMRI studies, which include...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - January 8, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Alterations of dynamic functional connectivity between visual and executive-control networks in schizophrenia
AbstractSchizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder characterized by continuous or relapsing episodes of psychosis. While previous studies have detected functional network connectivity alterations in patients with schizophrenia, and most have focused on static functional connectivity. However, brain activity is believed to change dynamically over time. Therefore, we computed dynamic functional network connectivity using the sliding window method in 38 patients with schizophrenia and 31 healthy controls. We found that patients with schizophrenia exhibited higher occurrences in the weakly and sparsely connected state (state 3...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - January 8, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Regional cerebral gray matter atrophy is associated with cognitive impairment in hemodialysis patients: a cross-sectional and longitudinal voxel-based morphological MRI study
This study aimed to explore gray matter volume (GMV) changes in patients undergoing hemodialysis and assess the clinical risk factors associated with GMV changes and the relationship between GMV changes and neuropsychologic test results. Eighty-eight hemodialysis patients and 76 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited in this study. Fifty patients underwent follow-up examinations (follow-up duration: 1.75 ± 0.55 years), including magnetic resonance imaging, blood biochemical, and neuropsychologic testing. Changes in GMV between the patients and HCs were assessed. Longitudinal GMV changes were also explored in the patients. ...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - January 7, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Investigating the overlapping associations of prior concussion, default mode connectivity, and executive function-based symptoms
AbstractGrowing evidence suggests that younger athletes with greater concussion history are more likely to endorse greater subjective cognitive (e.g., executive function) symptoms, but not perform worse on objective cognitive testing. We sought to identify biological correlates of elevated cognitive symptoms in 100 healthy, collegiate-aged athletes with varying degrees of concussion history. Associations between concussion history with subjectively-rated executive function were assessed with generalized linear models. Using resting state fMRI, we examined associations between concussion history and between-and within-netwo...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - January 6, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Functional connectivity dynamics as a function of the fluctuation of tension during film watching
AbstractTo advance the understanding of the dynamic relationship between brain activities and emotional experiences, we examined the neural patterns of tension, a unique emotion that highly depends on how an event unfolds. Specifically, the present study explored the temporal relationship between functional connectivity patterns within and between different brain functional modules and the fluctuation in tension during film watching. Due to the highly contextualized and time-varying nature of tension, we expected that multiple neural networks would be involved in the dynamic tension experience. Using the neuroimaging data ...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - January 6, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Introduction to the Special Issue: 2020 Pacific Rim New Horizons in Human Brain Imaging: Neuroimaging across the Lifespan
(Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior)
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - January 5, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Distribution and volume analysis of early hemorrhagic contusions by MRI after traumatic brain injury: a preliminary report of the Epilepsy Bioinformatics Study for Antiepileptogenic Therapy (EpiBioS4Rx)
We report our methodologic approach to this question in this preliminary report of the Epilepsy Bioinformatics Study for Antiepileptogenic Therapy (EpiBioS4Rx). We describe lesion identification and segmentation of hemorrhagic contusions by early posttraumatic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We describe the preliminary methods of manual lesion segmentation in an initial cohort of 32 TBI patients from the EpiBioS4Rx cohort and the preliminary association of hemorrhagic contusion and edema location and volume to seizure incidence. (Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior)
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - January 5, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Patient-Reported Outcome Severity and Emotional Salience Network Disruption in Multiple Sclerosis
ConclusionThe identified network may be a generalizable network which corresponds to the recognition ofnegative emotional salience, but not to objective factors such as processing speed and physical disability. Damage to this network may paradoxically buffer against negative emotional perception of symptom severity, central to patient-reported outcomes. (Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior)
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - January 5, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Serotonin transporter is negatively associated with body mass index after glucose loading in humans
In conclusion, SERT availability was negatively correlated with BMI after glucose loading in humans. SERT might have a role in eating behavior through the action of insulin. Further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanism of this phenomenon. (Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior)
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - January 3, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Cholinergic relevant functional reactivity is associated with dopamine responsiveness of tremor in Parkinson ’s disease
AbstractTremor in Parkinson ’s disease (PD) has distinct responsiveness to dopamine, which is supposed not be exclusively related to dopamine deficiency but has a close relationship with cholinergic system. This phenomenon indicates that cholinergic system may be an important regulatory for distinct dopamine responsiveness o f parkinsonian tremor. Through investigating the alterations of cholinergic and dopaminergic network during levodopa administration, we aimed at exploring the mechanisms of differed dopamine responsiveness of parkinsonian tremor. Fifty-two PD patients with tremor were enrolled. MRI scanning, UPDRS I ...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - January 1, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Five weeks of intermittent transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation shape neural networks: a machine learning approach
AbstractInvasive and transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation [(t)-VNS] have been used to treat epilepsy, depression and migraine and has also shown effects on metabolism and body weight. To what extent this treatment shapes neural networks and how such network changes might be related to treatment effects is currently unclear. Using a pre-post mixed study design, we applied either a tVNS or sham stimulation (5 h/week) in 34 overweight male participants in the context of a study designed to assess effects of tVNS on body weight and metabolic and cognitive parameters resting state (rs) fMRI was measured about 12 h after t...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - December 29, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Neuronavigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation as novel mapping technique provides insights into language function in primary progressive aphasia
AbstractNavigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (nrTMS) is an innovative technique that provides insight into language function with high accuracy in time and space. So far, nrTMS has mainly been applied in presurgical language mapping of patients with intracranial neoplasms. For the present study, nrTMS was used for language mapping in primary progressive aphasia (PPA). Seven patients (median age: 70 years, 4 males) with the non-fluent variant of PPA (nfvPPA) were included in this pilot study. Trains of nrTMS (5 Hz, 100% resting motor threshold) caused virtual lesions at 46 standardized cortical stimulati...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - December 28, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Correction to: Spindle ‑related brain activation in patients with insomnia disorder: An EEG‑fMRI study
(Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior)
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - December 13, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
