The neural substrates of sex differences in balanced time perspective: A unique role for the precuneus
AbstractSex differences in various aspects of behaviour and cognition have been widely observed. Few studies, however, have explored potential sex differences in maintaining a balanced time perspective or their underlying neural correlates. To address these questions, two studies were conducted. In Study 1, time perspective was assessed in 1913 college students (796 males and 1117 females), revealing that females had a significantly more balanced time perspective relative to males. In Study 2, 58 males and 47 females underwent an assessment of time perspective and structural brain imaging. Voxel-based morphometry analysis ...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - June 7, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
White matter connectometry in patients with disorders of consciousness revealed by 7-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging
AbstractWhite matter disruption plays an important role in disorders of consciousness (DOC). The aim of this study was to analyze the connectometry between DOC patients and healthy controls and to explore the relationship between diffusion connectometry and levels of consciousness. Fourteen patients with DOC and 13 sex- and age-matched controls were included in this study. The participants underwent diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and T1-weighted structural MRI at 7 Tesla. Diffusion MRI connectometry was performed to investigate the differences between groups, and to subsequently study the correlation between Co...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - June 6, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The distinct disrupted plasticity in structural and functional network in mild stroke with basal ganglia region infarcts
AbstractStroke induced by basal ganglia infarction often impair cognitive function. The exploration of topological patterns in structural and functional networks associated cognitive impairment after stroke may contribute to understand the pathological mechanism of cognitive impairment caused by stroke. In this paper, graph theory analysis was applied to diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) data and resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) data from 23 post-stroke patients with cognitive impairment (PSCI), 17 post-stroke patients without cognitive impairment (NPSCI), and 29 healthy controls (HC). Structural and function al connec...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - June 4, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Classification of Parkinson ’s disease using a region-of-interest- and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging-based radiomics approach
AbstractTo investigate the value of combining amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations-based radiomics and the support vector machine classifier method in distinguishing patients with Parkinson ’s disease from healthy controls. A total of 123 patients with Parkinson’s disease and 90 healthy controls from three centers with functional and structural MRI images were included in this study. We extracted radiomics features using the Brainnetome 246 atlas from the mean amplitude of low-freq uency fluctuations maps. Two-sample t-tests and recursive feature elimination combined with support vector machine method were applied f...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - June 1, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Mediating role of the default mode network on parental acceptance/warmth and psychopathology in youth
AbstractHumans are reliant on their caregivers for an extended period of time, offering numerous opportunities for environmental factors, such as parental attitudes and behaviors, to impact brain development. The default mode network is a neural system encompassing the medial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus, and temporo-parietal junction, which is implicated in aspects of cognition and psychopathology. Delayed default mode network maturation in children and adolescents has been associated with greater general dimensional psychopathology, and positive parenting behaviors have been suggested to serve...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - June 1, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Limits to the generalizability of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of youth: An examination of ABCD Study ® baseline data
This study examined how resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data quality and availability relate to clinical and sociodemographic variables within the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. A sample of participants with an adequate sample of quality baseline rs-fMRI data containing low average motion (framewise displacement ≤ 0.15; low-noise;n = 4,356) was compared to a sample of participants without an adequate sample of quality data and/or containing high average motion (higher-noise;n = 7,437) using Chi-squared analyses and t-tests. A linear mixed model examined relationships betwee...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - May 12, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
History of suicide attempts associated with the thinning right superior temporal gyrus among individuals with schizophrenia
AbstractIndividuals with schizophrenia have higher rates of suicide attempts than the general population. Specific cortical abnormalities (e.g., the cortical surface area and thickness) may be associated with a history of suicide attempts. We recruited 74 individuals with schizophrenia (37 suicide attempters were individually matched with 37 non-attempters on age, sex, phase of illness, and study center) and 37 healthy volunteers. The cortical surface area and thickness data were extracted from structural MRI and compared between the groups. Suicide attempters showed significantly smaller surface areas in the whole brain (...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - May 12, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Alterations to cognitive abilities and functional networks in rats post broad-band intense noise exposure
This study aimed to investigate the alterations of cognition and functional connectivity post noise, and find the progress and neural substrates of noise induced hearing loss (NIHL)-associated cognitive impairment. We exposed rats to 122 dB broad-band noise for 2 h to induce hearing loss and the auditory function was assessed by measuring auditory brainstem response thresholds. Morris water maze test and resting state MRI were computed at 0 day, 1, 3, 6 months post noise to reveal cognitive ability and neural substrate. The int erregional connections in the auditory network and default mode network, as well as the con...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - May 11, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Volume, density, and thickness brain abnormalities in mild cognitive impairment: an ALE meta-analysis controlling for age and education.
This study aims to address these issues using activation likelihood estimation (ALE) analyses with a sample size more than twice that of prior meta-analyses. A total of 71 studies were identified and entered into the ALE analysis which consisted of 2262 with MCI and 1902 healthy controls. Three major clusters were identified showing decreased gray matter volume in the MCI group compared to controls, with the most salient decreases being in the hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, and the amygdala. Reduced thalamic volume was also observed, but to a lesser extent. Density was reduced in the left hippocampus, while thickness ...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - April 13, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Altered topological properties of the intrinsic functional brain network in patients with right-sided unilateral hearing loss caused by acoustic neuroma
AbstractNeuroimaging studies have identified alterations in functional connectivity between specific brain regions in patients with unilateral hearing loss (UHL) and different influence of the side of UHL on neural plasticity. However, little is known about changes of whole-brain functional networks in patients with UHL and whether differences exist in topological organization between right-sided UHL (RUHL) and left-sided UHL (LUHL). To address this issue, we employed resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) and graph-theoretical approaches to investigate the topological alterations of brain functional connectomes in patients with RUH...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - April 9, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Effects of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury on Resting State Brain Network Connectivity in Older Adults
AbstractOlder age is associated with worsened outcome after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and a higher risk of developing persistent post-traumatic complaints. However, the effects of mTBI sequelae on brain connectivity at older age and their association with post-traumatic complaints remain understudied.We analyzed multi-echo resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 25 older adults with mTBI (mean age: 68 years, SD: 5 years) in the subacute phase (mean injury to scan interval: 38 days, SD: 9 days) and 20 age-matched controls. Severity of complaints (e.g. fatigue, dizziness) was assessed usin...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - April 8, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Association of cognitive impairment and reduced cortical thickness in prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex with treatment-resistant depression
AbstractAccumulating evidence suggests the critical role of cortical thinning in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder. However, the association of cortical thickness and cognitive impairment with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) has rarely been investigated. In total, 48 adult patients with TRD and 48 healthy controls were recruited and administered a series of neurocognitive and neuroimaging examinations, including 1-back and 2-back working memory tasks and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Whole-brain cortical thickness analysis was performed to investigate the differences in the cortical thickness ...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - April 7, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Altered intrinsic brain activity in patients with CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy
This study introduced amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rsfMRI) to compare the spontaneous brain activities of patients and healthy controls, aiming to enhance our understanding of the disease. RsfMRI was performed on 16 patients and 23 healthy controls, and preprocessed for calculation of ALFF and ReHo. Permutation tests with threshold free cluster enhancement (TFCE) was applied for comparison (number of permutations = 5,000). The TFCE significance threshold was set at\({P}_{FWE}\)< 0.05. In addition, 10 was s...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - April 7, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The fMRI correlates of visuo-spatial abilities: sex differences and gender dysphoria
AbstractThe contribution of brain regions to visuospatial abilities according to sex differences and gender identity is inconsistently described. One potential explaining factor may be the different tasks employed requiring a variable load of working memory and other cognitive resources. Here we asked to 20 cis and 20 transgender participants to undergo functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging during performance of a judgement line of orientation test that was adapted to explore the basic visuospatial processing while minimizing the working memory load. We show that V1 activation may be viewed as a brain area with enhanced ac...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - April 6, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Resting-state functional connectivity of the sensory/somatomotor network associated with sleep quality: evidence from 202 young male samples
AbstractPrevious neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that sleep is associated with brain functional changes in some specific brain regions. However, few studies have examined the relationship between all possible functional connectivities (FCs) within the sensory/somatomotor network (SSN) and the sleep quality of young male samples. The SSN consists of two motor cortices and is known to play a critical role in sleep. Poor sleep quality may be associated with increased sensory/somatomotor functional connectivity during rest. Hence, 202 young male participants underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imagin...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - April 5, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
