ADHD-related sex differences in frontal lobe white matter microstructure and associations with response control under conditions of varying cognitive load and motivational contingencies
This study aims to examine whether frontal lobe white matter microstructure is differentially impacted in ADHD by sex and whether this relates to Go/No-Go (GNG) task performance. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) from 187 children (8 –12 years), including ADHD (n = 94) and typically developing controls (TD; n = 93). Participants completed three GNG tasks with varying cognitive demands and incentives (standard, cognitive, and motivational). Fractional anisotropy (FA) was examined as an index of white matter microstructu re within bilateral frontal lobe regions of interest. Children with ADHD showed reduced FA in prim...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - September 7, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Structural disconnection is associated with disability in the neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
DiscussionStructural disconnection-based predictive modeling and local connectome analysis showed that frontoparietal and periependymal white matter disconnection is predictive and associated with the EDSS score of NMOSD patients. (Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior)
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - September 7, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Dynamic and static changes of amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in anti ‑N‑methyl‑D‑aspartate receptor encephalitis
ConclusionsThese findings may shed light on anti-NMDAR encephalitis brain dysfunction from the perspective of dynamic local brain activity. sALFF and dALFF analyses provide complementary information, emphasizing the potential usefulness of combining sALFF and dALFF in elucidating the neuropathological mechanisms of autoimmune encephalitis and may ultimately inform future disease diagnosis. (Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior)
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - September 6, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
White matter alterations in mild cognitive impairment revealed by meta-analysis of diffusion tensor imaging using tract-based spatial statistics
AbstractThe neuropathological mechanism of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) remains unclarified. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies revealed white matter (WM) microarchitecture alterations in MCI, but consistent findings and conclusions have not yet been drawn. The present coordinate-based meta ‐analysis (CBMA) of tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) studies aimed to identify the most prominent and robust WM abnormalities in patients with MCI. A systematic search of relevant studies was conducted through January 2022 to identify TBSS studies comparing fractional anisotropy (FA) between MCI patients and healthy contro...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - September 1, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The abilities of movie-watching functional connectivity in individual identifications and individualized predictions
AbstractQuite a few studies have been performed based on movie-watching functional connectivity (FC). As compared to its resting-state counterpart, however, there is still much to know about its abilities in individual identifications and individualized predictions. To pave the way for appropriate usage of movie-watching FC, we systemically evaluated the minimum number of time points, as well as the exact functional networks, supporting individual identifications and individualized predictions of apparent traits based on it. We performed the study based on the 7T movie-watching fMRI data included in the HCP S1200 Release, ...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - August 9, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
[18F]-FDopa positron emission tomography imaging in corticobasal syndrome
Conclusion[18F]-FDOPA positron emission tomography can often be normal in corticobasal syndrome patients. Semi-quantitative analysis is useful to unmask a significant asymmetry in many of them. Homogeneous striatal uptake reduction contralateral to the clinical signs is highly suggestive of corticobasal syndrome. This finding can be helpful to better characterize this syndrome with respect to Parkinson ’s disease and progressive supranuclear palsy. (Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior)
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - July 21, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Functional abnormalities of the cerebellum in vascular mild cognitive impairment
ConclusionThese findings suggest prominent intracerebellar and cerebellar-cerebral FC abnormalities in VMCI patients, contributing evidence for a possible role of the cerebellum in cognitive processes. (Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior)
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - July 12, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Cerebral microhaemorrhage count is related to processing speed, but not level of symptom reporting, independently of age, psychological status and premorbid functioning, after first-ever mild traumatic brain injury
This study aimed to determine whether SWI-detected microhaemorrhages are more common in individuals after a single, first-ever, mTBI event relative to trauma controls (TC) and to investigate whether a linear relationship exists between microhaemorrhage numbers and cognition or symptom reporting in the post-acute period after injury, independently of age, psychological status and premorbid level of functioning. Microhaemorrhagic lesions were identified by expert clinical examination of SWI for 78 premorbidly healthy adult participants who were admitted to hospital after a traumatic injury and had suffered a first-ever mTBI ...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - June 30, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Association of dopamine-based genetic risk score with dynamic low-frequency fluctuations in first-episode drug-na ïve schizophrenia
AbstractAlterations in dynamic intrinsic brain activity and signaling of neurotransmitters, such as dopamine, have been independently detected in schizophrenia patients. Yet, it remains unclear whether the dopamine genetic risk variants have association with brain intrinsic activity. We aimed to investigate the schizophrenia-specific dynamic amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (dALFF) altered pattern, and its association with dopamine genetic risk score in first-episode drug-na ïve schizophrenia (FES). Fifty-two FES and 51 healthy controls were included. A sliding-window method based on the dALFF was adopted to estimat...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - June 29, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Maternal anxiety during pregnancy is associated with weaker prefrontal functional connectivity in adult offspring
ConclusionsWeaker (medial) prefrontal cortex functional connectivity in the high anxiety adult offspring group suggests a long-term negative impact of prenatal exposure to high maternal anxiety, extending into adulthood. To prevent mental health problems at population level, universal primary prevention strategies should aim at lowering maternal anxiety during pregnancy. (Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior)
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - June 29, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Abnormal cerebral blood flow in patients with Leber ’s hereditary optic neuropathy
Conclusion: LHON patients exhibited reduced CBF in the visual pathway, sensorimotor and higher-tier cognitive areas. Disease duration and neuro-ophthalmological impairments can influence the metabolism of non-visual areas. (Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior)
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - June 27, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Association of loneliness and grey matter volume in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex: the mediating role of interpersonal self-support traits
AbstractAs a social and public health concern, loneliness is associated with an abundance of negative life outcomes such as depressive symptomatology, mortality, and sleep disturbance. Nevertheless, the neural basis underlying loneliness remains elusive; in addition, previous neuroimaging studies about loneliness mainly focused on the elderly and were limited by small sample sizes. Here, utilizing the voxel-based morphometry (VBM) approach via structural magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated the association between brain GMV and loneliness in 462 young adults (67.7% females, age = 18.59 ± 1.14 years). Resul...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - June 6, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Basal forebrain functional connectivity as a mediator of associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and cognition in healthy older women
AbstractAge-related cholinergic dysfunction within the basal forebrain (BF) is one of the key hallmarks for age-related cognitive decline. Given that higher cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) induces neuroprotective effects that may differ by sex, we investigated the moderating effects of sex on the associations between CRF, BF cholinergic function, and cognitive function in older adults. 176 older adults (68.5 years) were included from the Nathan Kline Institute Rockland Sample. Functional connectivity (rsFC) of the BF subregions including the medial septal nucleus/diagonal band of Broca (MS/DB) and nucleus basalis of Meyn...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - June 5, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Brain gray matter reduction and premature brain aging after breast cancer chemotherapy: a longitudinal multicenter data pooling analysis
AbstractBrain gray matter (GM) reductions have been reported after breast cancer chemotherapy, typically in small and/or cross-sectional cohorts, most commonly using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). There has been little examination of approaches such as deformation-based morphometry (DBM), machine-learning-based brain aging metrics, or the relationship of clinical and demographic risk factors to GM reduction. This international data pooling study begins to address these questions. Participants included breast cancer patients treated with (CT+,n = 183) and without (CT-,n = 155) chemotherapy and noncancer controls (NC...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - May 31, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Abnormal functional connectivity density involvement in freezing of gait and its application for subtyping Parkinson ’s disease
This study demonstrates that PD FOG + patients showed altered short- and long- range FCD in several brain regions involved in action planning and control, motion processing, emotion, cognition, and object recognition. (Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior)
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - May 27, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
