Functional connectivity alteration of the deprived auditory regions with cognitive networks in deaf and inattentive adolescents
AbstractAdolescents with early profound deafness may present with distractibility and inattentiveness. The brain mechanisms underlying these attention impairments remain unclear. We performed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the functional connectivity of the superior temporal and transverse temporal gyri in 25 inattentive adolescents with bilateral prelingual profound deafness, and compared the results with those of 27 age-matched normal controls. Pearson and Spearman ’s rho correlation analyses were used to investigate the correlations of altered functional connectivity with the clini...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - February 26, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Gene expression associated with human brain activations in facial expression recognition
This study provided new insight into understanding the FER-related biological mechanisms and might be helpful to explore treatment methods for emotion-related psychiatric disorders. (Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior)
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - February 25, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
A Novel method of seizure onset zone localization by serial Tc-99 m ECD brain perfusion SPECT clearance patterns
AbstractIn this prospective study, we postulate that there is a difference between clearance of [99mTc]Tc- ethyl cysteinate dimer (ECD) in the seizure onset zone (SOZ) and other brain areas and thus SOZ localization by clearance patterns might become a potential novel method for SOZ localization in epilepsy. The parametric images of brain ECD clearance were generated by linear regression model analysis from serial brain SPECT scans from 30 to 240 min after ECD injection (7-times point) in 7 patients with drug-resistant epilepsy and 3 normal volunteers. Clearance patterns of the SOZ confirmed by good surgical outcome or c...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - February 23, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Investigation of baseline attention, executive control, and performance variability in female varsity athletes
AbstractTo examine attention, executive control, and performance variability in healthy varsity athletes and identify unique resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) patterns associated with measures of speed, stability, and attention. A sample of 29 female university varsity athletes completed cognitive testing using the Attention Network Test- Interactions (ANT-I) and underwent resting-state functional MRI (rsfMRI) scans. Performance was characterized by examining mean reaction time (RT), variability in performance (ISD), and attention network scores on the ANT-I. RsfMRI data were analyzed using an independent comp...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - February 18, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Disassociated and concurrent structural and functional abnormalities in the drug-na ïve first-episode early onset schizophrenia
AbstractSchizophrenia which is an abnormally developmental disease has been widely reported to show abnormal brain structure and function. Enhanced functional integration is a predominant neural marker for brain mature. Abnormal development of structure and functional integration may be a biomarker for early diagnosis of schizophrenia. Fifty-five patients with early onset schizophrenia (EOS) and 79 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and functional connectivity density (FCD) were performed to explore gray matter volume (GMV) lesion, abnormal functional integration, and concurrent str...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - February 18, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Disruption of regional homogeneity in the brains of chronic methamphetamine users
AbstractPrevious studies have reported evidence supporting structural and functional alterations in the brains of methamphetamine (MA) users. The aim of the present study was to extend current knowledge regarding brain function(s) in MA users by examining regional homogeneity (ReHo). Chronic MA users (51 male, 46 female), who were undergoing supervised abstinence for 12 to 621 days, and 79 healthy controls (43 male, 36 female) underwent resting-state functional brain magnetic resonance imaging. Voxel-wise whole-brain scale group differences in ReHo were examined. The mean ReHo values of significant clusters were extracte...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - February 17, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Association between resting-state functional connectivity of amygdala subregions and peripheral pro-inflammation cytokines levels in bipolar disorder
This study aimed to test the underlying neural mechanism of inflammation-induced functional connectivity (FC) in the amygdala subregions of BD patients. Resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) was used to delineate the amygdala FC from two pairs of amygdala seed regions (the bilateral lateral and medial amygdala) in 51 unmedicated BD patients and 69 healthy controls (HCs). The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1 β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were measured in the serum. The correlation between abnormal levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and FC values were calculated in BD patient...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - February 17, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Gray matter alteration in medication overuse headache: a coordinates-based activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis
AbstractMedication overuse headache (MOH) is a prevalent secondary headache, bringing heavy economic burden and neuropsychological damage. Neuroimaging studies on the disease reported divergent results. To merge the reported neuroimaging alterations in MOH patients and explore a pathophysiological mechanism of this disorder. A meta-analytic activation likelihood estimation (ALE) analysis method was used. We systematically searched English and Chinese databases for both morphological and functional neuroimaging studies published before Nov 18, 2021. Reported altered brain regions and the stereotactic coordinates of their pe...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - February 10, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Sex differences in microstructural alterations in the corpus callosum tracts in drug-na ïve children with ADHD
AbstractWidespread alterations in the corpus callosum (CC) microstructure and organization have been found in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); however, few studies have investigated the diffusion characteristics and volume of transcallosal fiber tracts defined by specific cortical projections in ADHD, which is important for identifying distinct functional interhemispheric connection abnormalities. In the current study, an automated fiber-tract quantification (AFQ) approach based on diffusion tensor imaging identified seven CC tracts according to their cortical projections and estimated diffusi...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - January 31, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The physiological basis underlying functional connectivity differences in older adults: A multi-modal analysis of resting-state fMRI
AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine if differences in functional connectivity strength (FCS) with age were confounded by vascular parameters including resting cerebral blood flow (CBF0), cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), and BOLD-CBF coupling. Neuroimaging data were collected from 13 younger adults (24 ± 2 years) and 14 older adults (71 ± 4 years). A dual-echo resting state pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling sequence was performed, as well as a BOLD breath-hold protocol. A group independent component analysis was used to identify networks, which were amalgamated into a region of interest ( ROI). With...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - January 29, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Differences in brain activity between fast and slow responses on psychomotor vigilance task: an fNIRS study
AbstractAttention is a basic human function underlying every other cognitive process. It is demonstrated in the functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging literature that frontoparietal networks are involved with attentive performance while default mode networks are involved with inattentive performance. Yet, it is still not clear whether similar results would be found with functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. The goal of our study was to investigate differences in hemodynamic activity measured by functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy between fast and slow responses on a simple sustained attention task both before and after s...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - January 29, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Hyperconnectivity between the posterior cingulate and middle frontal and temporal gyrus in depression: Based on functional connectivity meta-analyses
This study aims to investigate the aberrant RSFC of the PCC in MDD using anisotropic effect-size version of seed-based d mapping (AES-SDM). Web of Science and PubMed were searched for studies investigating PCC-based RSFC in MDD. A total of 17 studies, involving 804 patients and 724 healthy controls (HCs), fit our selection criteria. Additionally, to seek for the link between functional and structural differences, we did a meta-analysis on the studies in conjunction with voxel-based morphology (VBM) analysis. The PCC showed higher RSFC with the left middle temporal gyrus (MTG) and the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG), and l...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - January 28, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Is bruxism associated with changes in neural pathways? A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical studies using neurophysiological techniques
This study aimed to systematically review the literature to identify clinical studies assessing neuroplasticity changes induced by or associated with bruxism or a tooth-clenching task using neurophysiological techniques. Searches were performed in five electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) in April 2020. This review included clinical studies using neurophysiological techniques to assess neuroplasticity changes in healthy participants before and after a tooth-clenching task or comparing bruxers and non-bruxers. The quality assessment was performed with the Joanna Briggs Institute ...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - January 28, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Bridging the callosal gap in gait: corpus callosum white matter integrity ’s role in lower limb coordination
AbstractBilateral coordination of the lower extremities is an essential component of mobility. The corpus callosum bridges the two hemispheres of the brain and is integral for the coordination of such complex movements. The aim of this project was to assess structural integrity of the transcallosal sensorimotor fiber tracts and identify their associations with gait coordination using novel methods of ecologically valid mobility assessments in persons with multiple sclerosis and age −/gender-matched neurotypical adults. Neurotypical adults (n = 29) and persons with multiple sclerosis (n = 27) underwent gait and di...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - January 28, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Distinct roles of right temporoparietal cortex in pentagon copying test
In conclusion, the right temporoparietal cortex is the strategic region for pentagon copying tasks. The angle number and closure represent the visuospatial processing of within-object f eatures, while intersection and rotation require between-object manipulation. The posterior-anterior distinction in the right temporoparietal region underlies the differences of within-object and between-object processing. (Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior)
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - January 27, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
