The relationship between blast-related mild traumatic brain injury and executive function is moderated by white matter integrity
This study investigates whether white matter integrity, measured with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), could influence how remote BR mTBI history is associated with executive control. The sample included 151 Veterans from the Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center who were administered a clinical/TBI assessment, neuropsychological battery, and DTI scan as part of a larger battery. From previous research, six white matter tracts were identified as having a putative relationship with blast severity: the cingulum, hippocampal cingulum, corticospinal tract, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, superior longitudinal fascic...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - March 6, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Neuroticism and openness exhibit an anti-correlation pattern to dissociable default mode network: using resting connectivity and structural equation modeling analysis
AbstractThe default mode network (DMN) can be subdivided into ventral and dorsal subsystems, which serve affective cognition and mental sense construction, respectively. An internally dissociated pattern of anti-correlations was observed between these two subsystems. Although numerous studies on neuroticism and openness have demonstrated the neurological functions of the DMN, little is known about whether different subsystems and hubs regions within the network are engaged in different functions in response to the two traits. We recruited 223 healthy volunteers in this study and collected their resting-state functional mag...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - February 27, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Functional connectivity disruption of insular subregions in the cirrhotic patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy
This study extended our understanding about the neur ophysiology of MHE and may assist for its diagnosis. (Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior)
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - February 26, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Disrupted small-world white matter networks in patients with major depression and recent suicide plans or attempts
This study aimed to investigate white matter features associated with suicide. We constructed white matter structural networks by deterministic tractography via diffusion tensor imaging in 51 healthy controls, 47 depressed patients without suicide plans or attempts and 56 depressed patients with suicide plans or attempts. Then, graph theory analysis was used to measure global and nodal network properties. We found that local efficiency was decreased and path length was increased in suicidal depressed patients compared to healthy controls and non-suicidal depressed patients; moreover, the clustering coefficient was decrease...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - February 26, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Association between patent foramen ovale and migraine: evidence from a resting-state fMRI study
AbstractA relationship between migraine without aura (MO) and patent foramen ovale (PFO) has been observed, but the neural basis underlying this relationship remains elusive. Utilizing independent component analysis via functional magnetic resonance imaging, we examined functional connectivity (FC) within and across networks in 146 patients with MO (75 patients with and 71 patients without PFO) and 70 healthy controls (35 patients each with and without PFO) to elucidate the individual effects of MO and PFO, as well as their interaction, on brain functional networks. The main effect of PFO manifested exclusively in the FC a...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - February 21, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Smaller hypothalamic subregion with paraventricular nucleus in patients with panic disorder
AbstractIn panic disorder (PD), functional disturbance of the hypothalamus –pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis has been considered. However, in neuroimaging studies of PD, the hypothalamus and pituitary gland are poorly studied.We investigated the volume of PD patients ’ hypothalamus and pituitary gland, enrolling 38 PD patients and 38 healthy controls. Severity of PD was mild to moderate according to the Panic Disorder Severity Scale, and the illness duration was relatively short (median = 2.8 years). The hypothalamus’ gray matter was automatically extrac ted and segmented, whereas the pituitary gland was manually t...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - February 20, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Structural and functional changes following brain surgery in pediatric patients with intracranial space-occupying lesions
AbstractWe explored the structural and functional changes of the healthy hemisphere of the brain after surgery in children with intracranial space-occupying lesions. We enrolled 32 patients with unilateral intracranial space-occupying lesions for brain imaging and cognitive assessment. Voxel-based morphometry and surface-based morphometry analyses were used to investigate the structural images of the healthy hemisphere. Functional images were analyzed using regional homogeneity, amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations, and fractional-amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations. Voxel-based morphometry and surface-based morphom...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - February 20, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Functional connectivity changes of the hippocampal subregions in anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis
This study aimed to explore the changes in functional connectivity (FC) in the hippocampal subregions of patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis and its association with clinical symptoms and cognitive performance. Twenty-three patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis and 23 healthy controls (HC) were recruited. All participants underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scans and completed clinical cognitive scales. Based on the Brainnetome Atlas, the rostral (anterior) and caudal (posterior) hippocampi of both the left and right hemispheres were selected as regions of interest (ROIs) for FC analys...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - February 16, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Increasing variance of rich-club nodes distribution in early onset depression according to dynamic network
AbstractEarly onset depression (EOD) and late onset depression (LOD) are thought to have different pathogeneses, but lack of pathological evidence. In the current study we describe the dynamic rich-club properties of patients with EOD and LOD to address this question indirectly. We recruited 82 patients with late life depression (EOD 40, LOD 42) and 90 healthy controls. Memory, executive function and processing speed were measured, and resting-stage functional MRI was performed with all participants. We constructed a dynamic functional connectivity network and carried out rich-club and modularity analyses. Normalized mutua...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - February 13, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Distinct resting-state functional connectivity of the anterior cingulate cortex subregions in first-episode schizophrenia
This study aims to characterize resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) profiles of three subregions of ACC in patients with first-episode schizophrenia and healthy controls. Res ting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scans were collected from 60 first-episode schizophrenia (FES) patients and 60 healthy controls (HC), and the subgenual ACC (sgACC), pregenual ACC (pgACC), and dorsal ACC (dACC) were selected as seed regions from the newest automated anatomi cal labeling atlas 3 (AAL3). Seed-based rsFC maps for each ACC subregion were generated and compared between the two groups. The results revealed...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - February 13, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Brain network centrality and connectivity are associated with clinical subtypes and disease progression in Parkinson ’s disease
AbstractTo investigate brain network centrality and connectivity alterations in different Parkinson ’s disease (PD) clinical subtypes using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI), and to explore the correlation between baseline connectivity changes and the clinical progression. Ninety-two PD patients were enrolled at baseline, alongside 38 age- and sex-matched healthy cont rols. Of these, 85 PD patients underwent longitudinal assessments with a mean of 2.75 ± 0.59 years. Two-step cluster analysis integrating comprehensive motor and non-motor manifestations was performed to define PD subtypes. ...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - February 10, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
A deep learning approach for mental health quality prediction using functional network connectivity and assessment data
AbstractWhile one can characterize mental health using questionnaires, such tools do not provide direct insight into the underlying biology. By linking approaches that visualize brain activity to questionnaires in the context of individualized prediction, we can gain new insights into the biology and behavioral aspects of brain health. Resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) can be used to identify biomarkers of these conditions and study patterns of abnormal connectivity. In this work, we estimate mental health quality for individual participants using static functional network connectivity (sFNC) data from rs-fMRI. The deep learnin...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - February 10, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Resting-state networks and their relationship with MoCA performance in PD patients
AbstractAlthough mild cognitive impairment is a common non-motor symptom experienced by individuals with Parkinson ’s Disease, the changes in intrinsic resting-state networks associated with its onset in Parkinson’s remain underexamined. To address the issue, our study sought to examine resting-state network alterations and their association with total performance in the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and its cognitive domains in Parkinson’s by means of functional magnetic resonance imaging of 29 Parkinson’s patients with normal cognition, 25 Parkinson’s patients with mild cognitive impairment, and 13 healthy cont...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - February 9, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Brain white matter microstructural alterations in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: an automated fiber quantification study
This study aimed to identify damaged segments of brain white matter fiber tracts in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-based automated fiber quantification (AFQ), and analyze their relationship with cognitive impairment. Clinical and imaging data for 39 female patients with SLE and for 44 female healthy controls (HCs) were collected. AFQ was used to track whole-brain white matter tracts in each participant, and each tract was segmented into 100 equally spaced nodes. DTI metrics including fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial ...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - February 9, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Intrinsic network abnormalities in children with autism spectrum disorder: an independent component analysis
AbstractAberrant intrinsic brain networks are consistently observed in individuals with autism spectrum disorder. However, studies examining the strength of functional connectivity across brain regions have yielded conflicting results. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the functional connectivity of the resting brain in children with low-functioning autism, including during the early developmental stages. We explored the functional connectivity of 43 children with autism spectrum disorder and 54 children with typical development aged 2 to 12 years using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data. We ...
Source: Brain Imaging and Behavior - February 8, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
