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Distinct lipidomic signatures in persons living with HIV: combined analysis of ACTG 5260s and MACS/WIHS
CONCLUSION: Alterations in the metabolome/lipidome suggest increased lipogenesis for ART-naïve PLHIV vs. HIV-seronegative individuals, increased TAG turnover for RAL vs. ATV/r or DRV/r, and increased inflammation associated with this altered metabolome/lipidome after initiating ART. Future studies are needed to understand cardiometabolic consequences of lipogenesis and inflammation in PLHIV.PMID:34498048 | DOI:10.1210/clinem/dgab663 (Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)
Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - September 9, 2021 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Jennifer Jao Lauren C Balmert Shan Sun Grace A McComsey Todd T Brown Phyllis C Tien Judith S Currier James H Stein Yunping Qiu Derek LeRoith Irwin J Kurland Source Type: research

Clinical Safety Considerations of Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors in the Older Population Living with HIV
AbstractThere are approximately 40 million people living with HIV globally, and 21% (7.9 million) are older adults (aged> 50 years) as of 2019. The average age of HIV-positive patients is predicted to increase to 58 by 2035. The favorable clinical efficacy of integrase strand transfer inhibitors has led to high rates of viral suppression and have now become the preferred agents by the AIDS guideline when initiating antiretroviral therapy. There are concerns of increasing adverse effects from HIV medications, such as integrase strand transfer inhibitors, as a result of changes in pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic pa...
Source: Drugs and Aging - September 8, 2021 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research

Acute myocardial infarction associated with abacavir and tenofovir based antiretroviral drug combinations in the United States
CONCLUSION: The antiretroviral drug combinations abacavir-lamivudine-darunavir, abacavir-lamivudine-atazanavir and tenofovir-emtricitabine-raltegravir were found to be associated with elevated risk of AMI, while tenofovir-emtricitabine-efavirenz was associated with a lower risk. The AMI risk associated with abacavir-lamivudine-darunavir was greater than what was previously described for abacavir, which could suggest an added risk from darunavir. The results should be confirmed in additional studies.PMID:34488812 | DOI:10.1186/s12981-021-00383-7 (Source: AIDS Research and Therapy)
Source: AIDS Research and Therapy - September 7, 2021 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Kunchok Dorjee Manisha Desai Tsering Choden Sanjiv M Baxi Alan E Hubbard Arthur L Reingold Source Type: research

Acute myocardial infarction associated with abacavir and tenofovir based antiretroviral drug combinations in the United States
CONCLUSION: The antiretroviral drug combinations abacavir-lamivudine-darunavir, abacavir-lamivudine-atazanavir and tenofovir-emtricitabine-raltegravir were found to be associated with elevated risk of AMI, while tenofovir-emtricitabine-efavirenz was associated with a lower risk. The AMI risk associated with abacavir-lamivudine-darunavir was greater than what was previously described for abacavir, which could suggest an added risk from darunavir. The results should be confirmed in additional studies.PMID:34488812 | PMC:PMC8419948 | DOI:10.1186/s12981-021-00383-7 (Source: AIDS Research and Therapy)
Source: AIDS Research and Therapy - September 7, 2021 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Kunchok Dorjee Manisha Desai Tsering Choden Sanjiv M Baxi Alan E Hubbard Arthur L Reingold Source Type: research

Changes in lipidomic profile by anti-retroviral treatment regimen: An ACTG 5257 ancillary study
We examined small molecule lipid response in a subcohort of 75 participants. Lipidomic assays of plasma samples collected pre- and post-ART treatment (48 weeks) were conducted using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The effect of ART regimens was regressed on lipid species response adjusting for the baseline covariates (lipids, age, sex, race, CD4 level, BMI, and smoking). Results were validated in the Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems study (N = 16). Out of 417 annotated lipids, glycerophospholipids (P = .007) and sphingolipids ...
Source: Medicine - July 30, 2021 Category: Internal Medicine Tags: Research Article: Observational Study Source Type: research

Altered subcutaneous adipose tissue parameters after switching ART-controlled HIV+ patients to raltegravir/maraviroc
Objective: To evaluate the effect on anthropometric, metabolic and adipose tissue parameters of switching ART-controlled persons living with HIV (PLWH) from a protease inhibitor regimen to raltegravir/maraviroc. Design: Sub-study of the ANRS157 ROCnRAL study with the investigation of subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SCAT) biopsy at inclusion and study end. Methods: We performed lipoaspiration of paired SCAT samples, histology on fresh/fixed samples and examined the transcriptomic profile analyzed using Illumina microarrays after RNA extraction. Statistical analyses used the Wilcoxon-paired test. ...
Source: AIDS - July 27, 2021 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: CLINICAL SCIENCE: CONCISE COMMUNICATIONS Source Type: research

Identification of FDA approved drugs against SARS-CoV-2 RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro), drug repurposing approach
In this study, FDA-approved drugs were screened to identify the probable anti-RdRp and 3CLpro inhibitors by molecular docking approach. The number of ligands selected from the PubChem database of NCBI for screening was 1760. Ligands were energy minimized using Open Babel. The RdRp and 3CLpro protein sequences were retrieved from the NCBI database. For Homology Modeling predictions, we used the Swiss model server. Their structure was then energetically minimized using SPDB viewer software and visualized in the CHIMERA UCSF software. Molecular dockings were performed using AutoDock Vina, and candidate drugs were selected bas...
Source: Biomedicine and pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine and pharmacotherapie - July 27, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Zahra Molavi Sara Razi Seyed Amir Mirmotalebisohi Amirjafar Adibi Marzieh Sameni Farshid Karami Vahid Niazi Zahra Niknam Morteza Aliashrafi Mohammad Taheri Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard Shabnam Jeibouei Soodeh Mahdian Hakimeh Zali Mohammad Mehdi Ranjbar Mohsen Yaz Source Type: research

Dolutegravir in Mexico for special populations: A cost analysis perspective
AIDS Rev. 2021 Jul 1. doi: 10.24875/AIDSRev.M21000042. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTIntegrase strand-transfer inhibitors (INSTI) are the latest class of antiretrovirals registered in Mexico. They include raltegravir (RAL), elvitegravir/cobicistat (EVG/c), dolutegravir (DTG) and bictegravir (BIC). Along with international guidelines, Mexico adopted the use of INSTI about two years ago as initial antiretroviral therapy (ART). This is partially due to the increase in the pre-treatment resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI), mainly efavirenz (EFV). Furthermore, INSTI depict greater efficacy, saf...
Source: AIDS Reviews - July 1, 2021 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Banda Marco Herrera Cristina Reynaga Cristhian Rangel Sigfrido Josue Del Angel Angel Reyes Prudente Isidoro Source Type: research