Biochemical Differences Between the Response to High Intensity versus Moderate Exercise
In this study, we asked the question whether the cellular senescence-lowering effect of exercise in human skeletal muscle can occur only at the intensity sufficient to induce DNA damage and inflammation. Biopsied vastus lateralis of 9 sedentary men (age 26.1 ± 2.5 y) were assessed before and after a single bout of moderate steady state exercise (SSE, 60% maximal aerobic power) and high intensity interval exercise (HIIE, 120% maximal aerobic power). Increases in cell infiltration (+1.2 folds), DNA strand break (+1.3 folds), and γ-H2AX+ myofibers (+1.1 folds) occurred immediately after HIIE and returned to baseline in 24 h...
Source: Fight Aging! - February 27, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Daily News Source Type: blogs
Fight Aging! Newsletter, February 27th 2023
This study tested the hypothesis that ischemic vascular repair in aging by Ang-(1-7) involves attenuation of myelopoietic potential in the bone marrow and decreased mobilization of inflammatory cells.
Young or Old male mice of age 3-4 and 22-24 months, respectively, received Ang-(1-7) for four weeks. Myelopoiesis was evaluated in the bone marrow (BM) cells by carrying out the colony forming unit (CFU-GM) assay followed by flow cytometry of monocyte-macrophages. Expression of pro-myelopoietic factors and alarmins in the hematopoietic progenitor-enriched BM cells was evaluated. Hindlimb ischemia (HLI) was induced by ...
Source: Fight Aging! - February 26, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Newsletters Source Type: blogs
How Important is the Error Rate in Protein Synthesis to the Pace of Aging?
Cellular biochemistry is a messy process, a soup of colliding molecules moving at high speed and reacting with one another. Within this soup, complex processes of assembly and interaction take place. The blueprints of genes in DNA are converted into RNA via one complicated set of reading and assembly mechanisms in the cell nucleus. That RNA exits the nucleus and is then processed in ribosomes to produce proteins from amino acid fragments. Proteins are then folded in to the correct shape in the endoplasmic reticulum, and then must further be transported to a final destination within the cell.
All of this takes place ...
Source: Fight Aging! - February 23, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Medicine, Biotech, Research Source Type: blogs
Towards Ferrous Iron-Activated Senolytic Prodrugs to Clear Senescent Cells
Senescent cells accumulate with age throughout the body, and cause considerable disruption to tissue structure and function via their pro-inflammatory secretions. Clearing senescent cells is an important approach to rejuvenation and reversal of age-related disease, based on the impressive results produced in mice to date. One of the challenges inherent in the destruction of senescent cells is the variation shown in their biochemistry, depending on how they become senescent and on which tissue they reside in. Different treatments exhibit widely varying outcomes for different varieties of senescent cell, and those varieties ...
Source: Fight Aging! - February 21, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Medicine, Biotech, Research Source Type: blogs
Fight Aging! Newsletter, February 20th 2023
In this study, researchers stimulate the ghrelin receptor using a suitable small molecule for much of the lifespan of mice, and observe the results. The overall extension of life span is a quarter of that produced by calorie restriction, and so we might draw some conclusions from that as to the relative importance of hunger in the benefits resulting from the practice of calorie restriction or fasting. Interestingly, the short term weight gains observed in mice given this ghrelin receptor agonist in the past don't appear in this long term study, in which the controls are the heaver animals. This is possibly because the rese...
Source: Fight Aging! - February 19, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Newsletters Source Type: blogs
Digging Deeper into the Epigenetics of Supercentenarians
Supercentenarians, much as one might expect, exhibit signs of being biologically younger than their years. It is a lower burden of age-related damage and dysfunction that allows them the chance to survive. That said, it is worth noting that many characteristics so far observed in studies of supercentenarians are also present in large numbers of people who die well before reaching a century of life. The fortunately biochemistry of supercentarians adjusts small odds of survival to be slightly more favorable, but still small odds of survival. It is far from an assurance, and it certainly doesn't prevent one from becoming frai...
Source: Fight Aging! - February 17, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Medicine, Biotech, Research Source Type: blogs
Epigenetic Clock Data from the CALERIE Trial of Calorie Restriction
The practice of calorie restriction extends life notably in short-lived mammals, but not in long-lived mammals, despite the short-term benefits to health appearing quite similar in mice and humans. This may be because many of the beneficial shifts in metabolism triggered by a low calorie intake are already built in to long-lived species, as a part of the history of evolutionary change that led to those species becoming long-lived. Since calorie restriction alters near every aspect of cellular biochemistry, coming up with a comprehensive understanding of the important mechanisms has been a slow process, never mind how those...
Source: Fight Aging! - February 16, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Medicine, Biotech, Research Source Type: blogs
Inhibiting Formation of Amyloid Oligomers as a Strategy to Slow Alzheimer's Disease
Finding ways to inhibit the formation of toxic amyloid-β oligomers in the aging brain may prove to be a useful treatment for Alzheimer's disease, but it remains the case that therapies targeting amyloid-β have yet to show meaningful patient benefits. It is possible that the wrong type or location of amyloid-β was targeted, or that amyloid-β is not directly responsible for Alzheimer's disease, but rather a side-effect of other disease processes. Regardless, a great deal of effort still goes into targeting aspects of amyloid-β biochemistry, in the hopes that one of these approaches will succeed where past efforts have f...
Source: Fight Aging! - February 13, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Daily News Source Type: blogs
Fight Aging! Newsletter, February 13th 2023
This study investigated whether taller Polish adults live longer than their shorter counterparts. Data on declared height were available from 848,860 individuals who died in the years 2004-2008 in Poland. To allow for the cohort effect, the Z-values were generated. Separately for both sexes, Pearson's r coefficients of correlation were calculated. Subsequently, one way ANOVA was performed.
The correlation between adult height and longevity was negative and statistically significant in both men and women. After eliminating the effects of secular trends in height, the correlation was very weak (r = -0.0044 in men and ...
Source: Fight Aging! - February 12, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Newsletters Source Type: blogs
Students With Visual Impairments Empowered to Explore Chemistry Through SEPA Project
Dr. Shaw (back left) observes SEPA program students engaging with tactile graphics in his lab. Credit: Jordan Koone
Students with blindness and low vision are often excluded from chemistry labs and offered few accessible representations of the subject’s imagery, which can significantly hinder their ability to learn about and participate in chemistry. Bryan Shaw, Ph.D., a professor of chemistry and biochemistry at Baylor University in Waco, Texas, hopes to change that through a program funded by an NIGMS Science Education Partnership Award (SEPA). His inspiration to start the program came from his son, who is visually i...
Source: Biomedical Beat Blog - National Institute of General Medical Sciences - February 10, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Chrissa Chverchko Tags: Being a Scientist Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacology STEM Education Uncategorized Training Source Type: blogs
Targeting the Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response to Improve Mitochondrial Function
Every cell contains hundreds of mitochondria, generating chemical energy store molecules to power cellular biochemistry. Mitochondrial function declines with age, with evidence indicating that a disruption of quality control mechanisms such as mitophagy is the proximate cause. Underlying that are age-related changes in the expression of proteins involved in mitochondrial dynamics, the fusion and fission of mitochondria. Is it possible to significantly improve mitochondrial function by forcing an upregulation of quality control mechanisms? Approaches such as delivery of NAD+ precursors have yet to reliably improve on the ef...
Source: Fight Aging! - February 7, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Daily News Source Type: blogs
Fight Aging! Newsletter, February 6th 2023
In conclusion, our study reveals that aging enhances atherosclerosis via increased inflammation of visceral fat. Our study suggests that future therapies targeting the visceral fat may reduce atherosclerosis diseaseburden in the expanding older population.
Is the Gut a Significant Source of Amyloid-β in Alzheimer's Disease?
https://www.fightaging.org/archives/2023/02/is-the-gut-a-significant-source-of-amyloid-%ce%b2-in-alzheimers-disease/
The early stages of Alzheimer's disease are characterized by rising levels of amyloid-β in the brain and the formation of misfolded amyloid aggregates. It is present...
Source: Fight Aging! - February 5, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Newsletters Source Type: blogs
Primary PCI and its silent encounter with “ myocardial neutrophilia ”
Myocardial infarction, a gross pathological entity renamed now as STEMI for clinical purposes, is the most famous medical emergency that triggers a series of calls. Right from 911/First medical contact, the ER, that ends up in CCU or a 24/7 cath lab. The heart, can’t wait for all these external responses when it is challenged with a vascular accident. The moment ATO occurs, two things happen. The endogenous fibrinolytic led by native tissue PA (Tpa) tries to get rid of the thrombotic plug by all its means. It succeeds in 15%. We call it spontaneous lysis or aborted MI. Many lives are lost in the remaining before th...
Source: Dr.S.Venkatesan MD - February 1, 2023 Category: Cardiology Authors: dr s venkatesan Tags: Uncategorized myocardial neutrophilia Source Type: blogs
Got Calcium?
Someone’s hand moving to scroll through this blog post is possible because of a mineral that both gives bones their strength and allows muscles to move: calcium. As the most abundant mineral in our bodies, it’s essential for lots of important functions. It’s found in many foods, medicines, and dietary supplements.
Calcium keeps your bones strong, allows your muscles to move, and is important for many other bodily functions. The element is found in foods, medicines, and the world around us. Credit: Compound Interest CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. Click to enlarge.
Committed to Critical Duties
For athletes, calc...
Source: Biomedical Beat Blog - National Institute of General Medical Sciences - February 1, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Chrissa Chverchko Tags: Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacology Molecular Structures Cellular Processes Diseases Proteins Source Type: blogs
A Discussion of the Biochemistry of Cardiac Fibrosis
Fibrosis is a malfunction of tissue maintenance, in which excessive amounts of extracellular matrix structure are created, forming scar-like features that disrupt normal tissue function. Fibrosis is a feature of aging and can rise to the level of life-threatening issue in organs such as the lung, liver, kidneys, and heart. This is particularly the case because there are no truly effective therapies to treat fibrosis; it is an inexorable condition that leads towards organ failure. Progress towards the reversal of fibrosis has been slow, unfortunately, despite the comparatively recent discovery that senescent cells appear to...
Source: Fight Aging! - January 31, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Daily News Source Type: blogs
