Fight Aging! Newsletter, July 4th 2022
This study showed that centenarians had very specific changes in CD4+ T cell populations, which were manifested by an elevated Th17/Treg ratio in vivo, as well as a changed secretory phenotype. Although the T cells of centenarians cannot resist the aging-related expression of proinflammatory genes, their secretory phenotype was altered, explaining the relatively low level of inflammation in centenarians. These results suggested the presence of a mechanism to ameliorate inflammaging in centenarians. This may be achieved by reversing the imbalance of Th17/Treg cells and reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Longevit...
Source: Fight Aging! - July 3, 2022 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Newsletters Source Type: blogs
Negligible Senescence in a Number of Reptilian and Amphibian Species
As scientists note here, a number of reptilian and amphibian species exhibit negligible senescence, in that their mortality risk does not increase with age, at least not until very late life. The question has always been whether there is anything that can be learned from the cellular biochemistry of these species that can serve as the basis for enhancement therapies in mammals. There is no assurance that the basis of negligible senescence in any given species is simple enough to be useful. There is no assurance that even a simple difference could be safely ported over into mammalian biology given the biotechnology of the n...
Source: Fight Aging! - June 30, 2022 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Daily News Source Type: blogs
Centenarians Better Regulate the Chronic Inflammation of Aging
This study showed that centenarians had very specific changes in CD4+ T cell populations, which were manifested by an elevated Th17/Treg ratio in vivo, as well as a changed secretory phenotype. Although the T cells of centenarians cannot resist the aging-related expression of proinflammatory genes, their secretory phenotype was altered, explaining the relatively low level of inflammation in centenarians. These results suggested the presence of a mechanism to ameliorate inflammaging in centenarians. This may be achieved by reversing the imbalance of Th17/Treg cells and reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines. (Source: Fight Aging!)
Source: Fight Aging! - June 29, 2022 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Medicine, Biotech, Research Source Type: blogs
DDIT4 and HDAC4 Overexpression Reduces Harmful Signaling of Senescent Cells in Aged Tissues
Accumulation of senescent cells is an important aspect of degenerative aging. While never present in very large numbers, relative to the overall count of all cells in a tissue, senescent cells generate a potent mix of signals that induce inflammation and disrupt normal tissue maintenance and function. Clearance of senescent cells via senolytic therapies is the presently favored approach to this issue, but a sizable faction in the research community are instead interested in suppression of senescent cell signaling. Research into the detailed biochemistry of senescence may lead in either direction, both of which can give ris...
Source: Fight Aging! - June 28, 2022 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Daily News Source Type: blogs
Fight Aging! Newsletter, June 27th 2022
In conclusion, this study confirms that innate immune training can be induced in aging healthy individuals as well as critically ill sepsis patients. We found that innate immune training can be induced regardless of age and there was no substantive difference in the immune trained phenotype as a function of age. We employed β-glucan as our immune training stimulus. The ability of glucan to induce the trained phenotype suggests that it may be possible to pharmacologically induce the immune trained phenotype in aging human immunocytes.
Sitting Time Correlates with Mortality Risk
https://www.fightaging.org/archi...
Source: Fight Aging! - June 26, 2022 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Newsletters Source Type: blogs
N-lactoyl-phenylalanine as a Link Between Exercise and Appetite Regulation
Exercise helps to downregulate appetite, among its many other beneficial outcomes. Researchers here point to raised levels of N-lactoyl-phenylalanine as an important part of this connection, one of a family of compounds formed as a result of exercise. In the present environment of prevalent obesity, a sizable amount of research into the biochemistry of exercise is directed towards its effects on consumption of food.
"Regular exercise has been proven to help weight loss, regulate appetite, and improve the metabolic profile, especially for people who are overweight and obese. If we can understand the mechanism by wh...
Source: Fight Aging! - June 23, 2022 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Daily News Source Type: blogs
Career Conversations: Q & A with Medicinal Inorganic Chemist Eszter Boros
Dr. Eszter Boros. Credit: Courtesy of Dr. Eszter Boros.
“As a researcher, you get to learn something new every day, and that knowledge feeds more questions. It’s this eternal learning process, and I find that really enticing about being in science,” says Eszter Boros, Ph.D., an assistant professor of chemistry at Stony Brook University in Stony Brook, New York. Our interview with Dr. Boros highlights her journey of becoming a scientist and her research on biomedical applications of metals.
Q: What drew you to science?
A: I was born and raised in Switzerland, and I went to a linguistics-focused high school the...
Source: Biomedical Beat Blog - National Institute of General Medical Sciences - June 22, 2022 Category: Research Authors: Chrissa Chverchko Tags: Being a Scientist Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacology Profiles Source Type: blogs
Fight Aging! Newsletter, June 13th 2022
In conclusion, long-term cumulative BP was associated with subsequent cognitive decline, dementia risk, and all-cause mortality in cognitively healthy adults aged ≥50 years. Efforts are required to control long-term systolic BP and pulse pressure and to maintain adequate diastolic BP.
Longer-Lived Mammals Tend to Have Lower Expression of Inflammation-Related Genes
https://www.fightaging.org/archives/2022/06/longer-lived-mammals-tend-to-have-lower-expression-of-inflammation-related-genes/
Researchers here make a few interesting observations on gene expression data from a range of mammalian species with...
Source: Fight Aging! - June 12, 2022 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Newsletters Source Type: blogs
More Evidence for Chloroquine to Modestly Slow Aging in Rodents
We report that, surprisingly, daily treatment with chloroquine extended the median life span by 11.4% and the maximum life span of the middle-aged male NMRI mice by 11.8%.
Subsequent experiments show that the chloroquine-induced lifespan elevation is associated with dose-dependent increase in LC3B-II, a marker of autophagosomes, in the liver and heart that was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. This supports the hypothesis that long-term treatment led to an accumulation of autophagosomes due to impaired autophagosome fusion with lysosomes. Quite intriguingly, chloroquine treatment was also associated wit...
Source: Fight Aging! - June 7, 2022 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Daily News Source Type: blogs
Differentially Expressed Circular RNAs in Long Lived Individuals
In this study, we investigated the circRNAs expression pattern of longevous families, from a Chinese cohort of longevity. Based on weighted circRNA co-expression network analysis, we found that longevous elders (98.3 ± 3.4 years) specifically gained eight but lost seven conserved circRNA-circRNA co-expression modules compared with normal elder controls (spouses of offspring of long-lived individuals, age = 59.3 ± 5.8 years). Both the gained and lost module-related genes were enriched in infectious disease-related pathways. This suggests that these elders might have a history of infection, which could be related to life i...
Source: Fight Aging! - June 6, 2022 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Daily News Source Type: blogs
Fight Aging! Newsletter, June 6th 2022
This study examines evidence suggesting that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a significant early impact on AD pathology.
Although mitochondrial dysfunction is a typical indication of Alzheimer's disease, it is unclear whether the cellular systems that maintain mitochondrial integrity malfunction, aggravating mitochondrial pathology. Different levels of vigilance and preventive methods are used to reduce mitochondrial damage and efficiently destroy faulty mitochondria to maintain the mitochondrial equilibrium. The form and function of mitochondria are regulated by mitochondrial fusion and fission. In contrast, mitoch...
Source: Fight Aging! - June 5, 2022 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Newsletters Source Type: blogs
Slower Protein Turnover in the Aged Brain
Metabolic activity slows down in late life, perhaps in large part because this reduces the risk of cancer. In an environment of pervasive molecular damage, a growing burden of nuclear DNA mutations, inflammation, and a declining immune system, more cellular replication and activity implies an ever greater risk of cancer. Longevity in our species appears to be a trade-off that selects for a slow decline in tissue function coupled to a lower cancer risk, rather than maintained tissue function coupled to a higher cancer risk.
Greater human longevity relative to other primates is a comparatively recent development in ev...
Source: Fight Aging! - June 3, 2022 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Medicine, Biotech, Research Source Type: blogs
Fight Aging! Newsletter, May 30th 2022
In conclusion, fisetin supplementation may be a novel strategy to target excess cellular senescence and thereby reduce mitochondrial ROS to improve NO-mediated endothelial function with aging.
Exercise Upregulates BDNF Expression to Promote Dopamine Release and Brain Function
https://www.fightaging.org/archives/2022/05/exercise-upregulates-bdnf-expression-to-promote-dopamine-release-and-brain-function/
Researchers have in the past shown that exercise results in greater amounts of BDNF, which in turn promotes neurogenesis. Here, this line of research is extended to show that exercise results in an increa...
Source: Fight Aging! - May 29, 2022 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Newsletters Source Type: blogs
Evaluating Intermittent Hypoxia as a Basis for Therapy
Many forms of mild, intermittent stress produce an overall net benefit to cell and tissue function: low nutrient intake; heat; cold; excessive oxidative molecules; some toxins; and the topic of today's open access paper, hypoxia. When under stress, cells react with increased maintenance efforts aimed at removing damaged molecules and structures. If the stress is mild or of short duration, then the damage done it outweighed by the ongoing repair carried out. Work on the biochemistry of the beneficial response to calorie restriction suggests that autophagy is the most important of these processes, but there are others. In au...
Source: Fight Aging! - May 26, 2022 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Medicine, Biotech, Research Source Type: blogs
Constraints Due to the Interconnected Nature of Cellular Biochemistry in the Evolution of Aging
Why is degenerative aging near universal in the animal kingdom? The present consensus explanation is that natural selection acts most strongly on early reproductive life, selecting for mechanisms that are beneficial at the outset of life, heedless of later life harms when those mechanisms run awry over time. Yet why is it the case that so many of the mechanisms beneficial in young animals are also harmful in older animals? Why is this inevitable? Here it is argued that this is an outcome of the highly interconnected nature of cellular biochemistry. Every protein has many functions and influences the function of many other ...
Source: Fight Aging! - May 25, 2022 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Daily News Source Type: blogs
